<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2664-3243</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Vive Revista de Salud]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Vive Rev. Salud]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2664-3243</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[CET-BOLIVIA]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2664-32432021000200090</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33996/revistavive.v4i11.88</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Mecanismos de resistencia de Escherichia Coli en América Latina]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Mechanisms in Escherichia Coli in Ecuador and Latin America]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Mecanismos de resistência de Escherichia Coli na América Latina]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peñaloza Piña]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lucía Maribel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aspiazu Hinostroza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Karla Alexandra]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,aff1  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,aff2  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>4</volume>
<numero>11</numero>
<fpage>90</fpage>
<lpage>103</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.bo/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2664-32432021000200090&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.bo/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2664-32432021000200090&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.bo/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2664-32432021000200090&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen La resistencia bacteriana es un proceso natural de evolución de los microorganismos, y que puede acelerarse por estimulaciones del entorno que obliga a los patógenos a adaptarse para su supervivencia. Se ha convertido en un gran problema a escala mundial, debido a que un número considerable de bacterias de importancia medica han adquirido resistencia a los antibióticos y entre este grupo destaca, Escherichia coli, declarada por la OMS como un patógeno de control por ser causante de enfermedades intrahospitalarias y comunitarias y su alta multirresistencia.  Objetivo . Determinar cuáles son los principales mecanismos de resistencia expresados por E. coli en América Latina.  Método.  Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la evidencia científica con los artículos publicados desde enero del 2000 al 2020. La búsqueda de información se recolectó de las bases de datos PubMed, Scopus, Scielo, Science Direct.  Resultados.  Se identificaron 430 elementos relevantes para su análisis, posterior a este se incluyeron un total de 18 artículos relevantes para la revisión.  Conclusión . El mecanismo de resistencia de Escherichia coli reportado a los betalactámicos es la producción de BLEE entre las que destaca las de tipo CTX-M. De entre los genes resistentes a quinolonas destaca el gen aac (6&#8242;) Ib-cr de localización plasmídica, estos, distribuidos de manera general en América Latina.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Bacterial resistance is a natural process of evolution of microorganisms and that can be accelerated by stimulations of the environment that forces pathogens to adapt for their survival. It has become a major problem on a global scale, due to the fact that a considerable number of bacteria of medical importance have acquired resistance to antibiotics and among this group, Escherichia coli stands out, declared by the WHO as a control pathogen, for being the cause of hospital and community diseases and its high multidrug resistance.  Objective.  To determine which are the main resistance mechanisms expressed by E. coli in Latin America.  Method.  A systematic review of the scientific evidence was carried out with the articles published from January 2000 to 2020. The information search was collected from the PubMed, Scopus, Scielo, Science Direct databases.  Results.  430 relevant elements were identified for analysis, after which a total of 18 relevant articles were included for the review.  Conclusion.  The resistance mechanism of Escherichia coli reported to beta-lactams is the production of ESBL, among which those of the CTX-M type stand out. Among the genes resistant to quinolones, the aac (6 &#8242;) Ib-cr gene of plasmid localization stands out, these are generally distributed in Latin America.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo A resistência bacteriana é um processo natural de evolução dos microrganismos e que pode ser acelerado por estímulos do meio ambiente que obriga os patógenos a se adaptarem para sua sobrevivência. Tornou-se um grande problema em escala global, devido ao fato de que um número considerável de bactérias de importância médica adquiriu resistência aos antibióticos e entre este grupo se destaca a Escherichia coli, declarada pela OMS como patógeno de controle, pois causas de doenças hospitalares e comunitárias e sua alta multirresistência.  Objetivo.  Determinar quais são os principais mecanismos de resistência expressos por E. coli na América Latina.  Método.  Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática das evidências científicas com os artigos publicados no período de janeiro de 2000 a 2020. A busca de informações foi coletada nas bases de dados PubMed, Scopus, Scielo, Science Direct.  Resultados.  Foram identificados 430 elementos relevantes para análise, após os quais um total de 18 artigos relevantes foram incluídos para a revisão.  Conclusão.  O mecanismo de resistência de Escherichia coli relatado aos beta-lactâmicos é a produção de ESBL, entre as quais se destacam as do tipo CTX-M. Dentre os genes resistentes às quinolonas, destaca-se o gene aac (6 &#8242;) Ib-cr de localização do plasmídeo, geralmente distribuídos na América Latina.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Escherichia coli]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Resistencia bacteriana a antibióticos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[América Latina]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Escherichia coli]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Drug Resistance]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Bacterial]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Latin America]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Escherichia coli]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Farmacorresistência Bacteriana]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[América Latina]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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