<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2664-0902</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Alfa Revista de Investigación en Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinaria]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. Inv. Cs. Agro. y Vet.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2664-0902</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[CET-BOLIVIA]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2664-09022024000100244</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33996/revistaalfa.v8i22.262</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Líquenes epifitos como bioindicadores de contaminación del aire en la ciudad de Lircay, Perú]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Epiphytic lichens as bioindicators of air pollution in the city of Lircay, Peru]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Líquenes epífitos como bioindicadores de poluição atmosférica nacidade de Lircay, Perú]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yaulilahua-Huacho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Russbelt]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sumarriva-Bustinza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Liliana Asunción]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gave-Chagua]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José Luis]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huere-Peña]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jorge Luis]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garcia-Ticllacuri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rubén]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de Huancavelica  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Huancavelica ]]></addr-line>
<country>Peru</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de Educación Enrique Guzmán y Valle  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Lima ]]></addr-line>
<country>Peru</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>22</numero>
<fpage>244</fpage>
<lpage>255</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.bo/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2664-09022024000100244&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.bo/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2664-09022024000100244&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.bo/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2664-09022024000100244&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN Los líquenes son utilizados como bioindicadores para valorar la calidad atmosférica, debido a que obtienen la mayor parte de sus nutrientes del aire, son muy sensibles a las impurezas presentes en la atmosfera, tales como el dióxido de azufre, óxidos de nitrógeno, dióxidos de carbono y metales pesados. Con el objetivo de determinar la calidad de aire según el índice de pureza atmosférica mediante el muestreo de líquenes epifitos en las principales áreas verdes de la ciudad de Lircay, en función a su riqueza y diversidad de líquenes. El estudio se realizó en la ciudad de Lircay, Huancavelica-Perú, en cinco zonas (Pueblo Viejo, Pampa, Santa Rosa, Bellavista y Virgen del Carmen), que representa área urbana con pocas o ninguna fuente de contaminación del aire. Se determinaron la biodiversidad de líquenes epifitos (LE) se usó el Índice de Shannon Wiener (ISW) e Índice de Pureza Atmosférica (IPA) se obtuvo en función del número de especies de LE encontrados. La identificación de especies diferentes de LE se realizó mediante la construcción de rejilla en el tronco del árbol. Se encontraron un total de 4140 LE distribuidos en 27 especies (La especie más abundante fue Cladoniicola irregularis, con 7.27%, seguida por Arthonia microcarpa 5.97%, Collema nigrescens 5.46%, Roccella caribaea 5.43% y Leptogium phyllocarpum 5.00%.). En ISW de la biodiversidad evaluada, se encontró 2.98-3.13 (media y alta) la mayor fue en la zona 1 (Pueblo viejo). Por otro lado, en IPA se identificó una contaminación que oscila entre 38.9-46.3 que puede considerarse de moderada a en transición. Se concluye, En la ciudad de Lircay, se ha observado una variedad moderada de biodiversidad, con una amplia gama de especies. En cuanto a la calidad del aire, se registra una ligera contaminación, lo que indica niveles menores de polución en la ciudad.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT Lichens are used as bioindicators to assess atmospheric quality, because they obtain most of their nutrients from the air, they are very sensitive to impurities present in the atmosphere, such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, carbon dioxide. and heavy metals. With the objective of determining air quality according to the atmospheric purity index by sampling epiphytic lichens in the main green areas of the city of Lircay, based on their richness and diversity of lichens. The study was carried out in the city of Lircay, Huancavelica-Peru, in five areas (Pueblo Viejo, Pampa, Santa Rosa, Bellavista and Virgen del Carmen), which represents an urban area with few or no sources of air pollution. The biodiversity of epiphytic lichens (LE) was determined using the Shannon Wiener Index (ISW) and the Atmospheric Purity Index (IPA) was obtained based on the number of LE species found. The identification of different LE species was carried out by constructing a grid on the tree trunk. A total of 4140 LE were found distributed in 27 species (The most abundant species was Cladoniicola irregularis, with 7.27%, followed by Arthonia microcarpa 5.97 %, Collema nigrescens 5.46%, Roccella caribaea 5.43% and Leptogium phyllocarpum 5.00 %.). In ISW of the biodiversity evaluated, 2.98-3.13 (medium and high) was found, the highest was in zone 1 (Old Town). On the other hand, in IPA a contamination was identified that ranges between 38.9-46.3, which can be considered moderate to transition. It is concluded, in the city of Lircay, a moderate variety of biodiversity has been observed, with a wide range of species. Regarding air quality, slight contamination is recorded, which indicates lower levels of pollution in the city.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[RESUMO Os líquenes são utilizados como bioindicadores para avaliar a qualidade atmosférica, pois obtêm a maior parte de seus nutrientes do ar, são muito sensíveis às impurezas presentes na atmosfera, como dióxido de enxofre, óxidos de nitrogênio, dióxido de carbono e metais pesados. Com o objetivo de determinar a qualidade do ar de acordo com o índice de pureza atmosférica por amostragem de líquenes epífitos nas principais áreas verdes da cidade de Lircay, com base na sua riqueza e diversidade de líquenes. O estudo foi realizado na cidade de Lircay, Huancavelica-Peru, em cinco áreas (Pueblo Viejo, Pampa, Santa Rosa, Bellavista e Virgen del Carmen), o que representa uma área urbana com poucas ou nenhumas fontes de poluição atmosférica. A biodiversidade de líquenes epífitos (LE) foi determinada através do Índice de Shannon Wiener (ISW) e o Índice de Pureza Atmosférica (IPA) foi obtido com base no número de espécies de LE encontradas. A identificação das diferentes espécies de LE foi realizada através da construção de uma grade no tronco da árvore. Foram encontrados 4.140 LE distribuídos em 27 espécies (a espécie mais abundante foi Cladoniicola irregularis, com 7,27%, seguida por Arthonia microcarpa 5,97%, Collema nigrescens 5,46%, Roccella caribaea 5,43% e Leptogium phyllocarpum 5,00%.). No ISW da biodiversidade avaliada foi encontrado 2,98-3,13 (médio e alto), o maior foi na zona 1 (Cidade Velha). Por outro lado, no IPA foi identificada uma contaminação que varia entre 38,9-46,3, que pode ser considerada moderada a transição. Conclui-se que na cidade de Lircay foi observada uma moderada variedade de biodiversidade, com uma ampla gama de espécies. Em relação à qualidade do ar, registra-se leve contaminação, o que indica níveis mais baixos de poluição na cidade.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Calidad de aire]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Contaminación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Líquenes epifitos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Indice de shannon Wiener ISW]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Indice de pureza atmosférica IPA]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Air quality]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Pollution]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Epiphytic lichens]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Shannon-Wiener index ISW]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Atmospheric purity index IPA]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Qualidade do ar]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Poluição]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Líquenes epífitos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Índice Shannon Wiener ISW]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[índice de pureza atmosférica IPA]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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