<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2664-0902</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Alfa Revista de Investigación en Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinaria]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. Inv. Cs. Agro. y Vet.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2664-0902</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[CET-BOLIVIA]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2664-09022023000100088</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33996/revistaalfa.v7i19.200</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Efecto del cambio climático y la cobertura forestal en la pérdida de bosques en la selva amazónica de Perú, 2003-2019]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Effect of climate change and forest cover on forest loss in the Amazon rainforest of Peru, 2003-2019]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Efeito da mudança climática e da cobertura florestal na perda florestal na floresta amazônica do Peru, 2003-2019]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mamani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Julio Cesar Quispe]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Álvarez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mindi Fabiola lizarraga]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Portilla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Roxana Madueño]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huaman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ruth Nancy Tairo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Larico]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María Isabel Alegre]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pilco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eliane Merilin Suca]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional del Altiplano  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Puno ]]></addr-line>
<country>Peru</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Católica San Pablo  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Arequipa ]]></addr-line>
<country>Peru</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Amazónica de Madre de Dios  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Puerto Maldonado ]]></addr-line>
<country>Peru</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Andina Néstor Cáceres Velásquez  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Juliaca ]]></addr-line>
<country>Peru</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>19</numero>
<fpage>88</fpage>
<lpage>102</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.bo/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2664-09022023000100088&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.bo/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2664-09022023000100088&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.bo/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2664-09022023000100088&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN El cambio climático es un problema global que altera el funcionamiento de biosferas y ecosistemas enteros, cuyas causas derivan claramente del desarrollo de las diferentes actividades económicas en el mundo, afectando categóricamente a la biodiversidad natural, a los recursos bióticos y abióticos existentes en los sistemas ambientales naturales. El objetivo fue determinar el efecto del cambio climático y la cobertura forestal en la pérdida de bosques en la selva amazónica de Perú, entre los periodos 2003 al 2019, para lo cual se consideró un enfoque cuantitativo, no experimental, descriptivo y longitudinal, se utilizó la información existente en el Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática, el Ministerio del Ambiente y Geo-Bosques; se aplicó el modelo econométrico de efectos fijos y aleatorios. Se determinó que la alteración del clima tiene efecto positivo en la pérdida de bosques, mientras que la cobertura forestal tiene un efecto negativo en la perdida de bosques. Además, aun incremento de las precipitaciones pluviales en 1 mm y la temperatura máxima incrementa en 1°C, entonces incrementa la perdida de bosques en 4.3 y 483.9 hectáreas respectivamente; aun incremento de la cobertura forestal en 1 hectárea, entonces disminuye la perdida de bosques el 0.13 hectáreas, la misma que se justifica porque a nivel de las regiones de Perú, no existe una política ambiental que garantice la conservación de las especies forestales, recuperación y protección del recurso forestal en las regiones amazónicas principalmente.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT Climate change is a global problem that alters the functioning of biospheres and entire ecosystems, whose causes clearly derive from the development of different economic activities in the world, categorically affecting natural biodiversity, biotic and abiotic resources existing in natural environmental systems. The objective was to determine the effect of climate change and forest cover on forest loss in the Peruvian Amazon rainforest, between 2003 and 2019, for which a quantitative, non-experimental, descriptive and longitudinal approach was considered, using existing information from the National Institute of Statistics and Informatics, the Ministry of Environment and Geo-Forests; the econometric model of fixed and random effects was applied. It was determined that climate change has a positive effect on forest loss, while forest cover has a negative effect on forest loss. Furthermore, even if rainfall increases by 1 mm and maximum temperature increases by 1°C, then forest loss increases by 4.3 and 483.9 hectares respectively; even if forest cover increases by 1 hectare, then forest loss decreases by 0.13 hectares, which is justified because there is no environmental policy at the Peruvian regional level that guarantees the conservation of forest species, recovery and protection of forest resources mainly in the Amazonian regions.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[RESUMO A mudança climática é um problema global que altera o funcionamento de biosferas e ecossistemas inteiros, cujas causas derivam claramente do desenvolvimento de diferentes atividades econômicas no mundo, afetando categoricamente a biodiversidade natural, os recursos bióticos e abióticos existentes nos sistemas ambientais naturais. O objetivo era determinar o efeito da mudança climática e da cobertura florestal na perda florestal na floresta amazônica peruana entre 2003 e 2019, utilizando uma abordagem quantitativa, não-experimental, descritiva e longitudinal, utilizando informações existentes do Instituto Nacional de Estatística e Informática, do Ministério do Meio Ambiente e Geoflorestas; foi aplicado o modelo econométrico de efeitos fixos e aleatórios. Foi determinado que a mudança climática tem um efeito positivo na perda florestal, enquanto que a cobertura florestal tem um efeito negativo na perda florestal. Além disso, mesmo que a pluviosidade aumente em 1 mm e a temperatura máxima em 1°C, então a perda florestal aumenta em 4,3 e 483,9 hectares respectivamente; mesmo que a cobertura florestal aumente em 1 hectare, então a perda florestal diminui em 0,13 hectares, o que se justifica porque não existe uma política ambiental em nível regional no Peru que garanta a conservação das espécies florestais, recuperação e proteção dos recursos florestais principalmente nas regiões amazônicas.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Cambio climático]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Cobertura forestal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Pérdida de bosques]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Regiones naturales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Política ambiental]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Climate change]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Forest cover]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Forest loss]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Natural regions]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Environmental policy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Mudança climática]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Cobertura florestal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Perda florestal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Regiões naturais]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Política ambiental]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Noblecilla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Efectos de la pérdida de bosque sobre los roedores Introducción Material y métodos]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev. Peru Biol]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>499-508</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ipiniza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barros]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De la Maza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jofré]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Bosques y Biodiversidad.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cienc Investig for]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez-Guerrero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Correa-Díaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castruita-Esparza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LU.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cambio Climático y Dinámica de Los Ecosistemas Forestales]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Artículo Revisión Rev Fitotec Mex]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>44</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zanetti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mostacedo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reyes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cambio climático y políticas públicas forestales en América Latina. Una visión preliminar]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[CEPAL UNIÓN Eur para las Nac Unidas]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<page-range>122</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cassemiro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FAS.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Volviendo al futuro estimando los efectos del cambio climático y la deforestación en ecosistemas acuáticos de la Amazonía]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Bioika]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pulgar-Vidal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El Perú frente al cambio climático: respuestas nacionalmente apropiadas frente a un problema complejo y una gobernanza climática en crisis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Agenda Internacional.]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>17</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zevallos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lavado-Casimiro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Climate Change Impact on Peruvian Biomes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Forests]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Asner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Powell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GVN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mascaro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Knapp]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Clark]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jacobson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[High-resolution forest carbon stocks and emissions in the Amazon]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>107</volume>
<numero>38</numero>
<issue>38</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bocco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mendoza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Masera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[OR.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La dinámica del cambio del uso del suelo en Michoacán.Una propuesta metodológica para el estudio de los procesos de deforestación]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Investig Geogr]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>44</volume>
<page-range>18-38</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rojas Briceño]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barboza Castillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maicelo Quintana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oliva Cruz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salas López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Deforestación en la Amazonía peruana: índices de cambios de cobertura y uso del suelo basado en SIG]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Boletín la Asoc Geógrafos Españoles]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<numero>81</numero>
<issue>81</issue>
<page-range>1-34</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sosa-Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Política del cambio climático en México: avances, obstáculos y retos]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Real, datos y Espac Rev Int Estadística y Geogr]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<page-range>4-23</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quiroga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Agacino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Malmierca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Del Villar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La pérdida de los bosques de América Latina y el Caribe 1990-2020: evidencia estadística]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cepal]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>1-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Galindo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alatorre Bremont]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reyes Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Adaptación al cambio climático a través de la elección de cultivos en Perú]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Trimest Econ]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>82</volume>
<numero>327</numero>
<issue>327</issue>
<page-range>489-519</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Malhi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Roberts]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Betts]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Killeen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nobre]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CA.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Climate change, deforestation, and the fate of the Amazon]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Science]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>319</volume>
<page-range>5860</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miranda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Corral]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Blackman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Asner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lima]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effects of Protected Areas on Forest Cover Change and Local Communities: Evidence from the Peruvian Amazon]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[World Dev]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>78</volume>
<page-range>288-307</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Robiglio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Donovan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bunn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reyes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gonzáles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Impacto del Cambio Climático sobre la Cadena de Valor del Café en el Perú - Estudio integrado del impacto del cambio climático sobre la cadena de valor del café en el nororiente del Perú]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ochoa-ochoa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Bosques Mesófilos de Montaña de México diversidad, ecología y manejo]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aguayo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pauchard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Azócar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Parra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cambio del uso del suelo en el centro sur de Chile a fines del siglo XX. Entendiendo la dinámica espacial y temporal del paisaje]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Chil Hist Nat]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>82</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nichols]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Longcore]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Los bosques como aliados a la mitigación del cambio climático en el contexto de REDD+ en el Ecuador]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[CEDAMAZ]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>13-22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bax]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castro-Nunez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Francesconi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Assessment of potential climate change impacts on montane forests in the peruvian andes: Implications for conservation prioritization]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Forests]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>1-15</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sanhueza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Antonissen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[REDD+ en América Latina.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Estado actual de las estrategias de reducción de emisiones por deforestación y degradación forestal]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bass]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Finer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jenkins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kreft]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cisneros-Heredia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McCracken]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SF]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Global conservation significance of Ecuador&#8217;s Yasuní National Park]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[PLoS One]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Blackman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villalobos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[¿Usar o perder los bosques? Extracción regulada de madera y pérdida de cobertura forestal en México]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alix-Garcia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Janvry]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sadoulet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The role of deforestation risk and calibrated compensation in designing payments for environmental services]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Environ Dev Econ]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Joppa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pfaff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Reassessing the forest impacts of protection: The challenge of nonrandom location and a corrective method]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ann N Y Acad Sci]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>1185</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nolte]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Agrawal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silvius]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Britaldo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SSF.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Governance regime and location influence avoided deforestation success of protected areas in the Brazilian Amazon]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>110</volume>
<numero>13</numero>
<issue>13</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aguilera Peña]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jalón de Torbay]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Reforestación con especies forestales nativas para la conservación y protección de los recursos hídricos, provincia de Esmeraldas, Ecuador]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Desarro Local Sosten]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lozano-Povis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alvarez-Montalván]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moggiano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El cambio climático en los andes y su impacto en la agricultura: una revisión sistemática]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Sci Agropecu]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pécastaing]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chávez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The impact of El Niño phenomenon on dry forest-dependent communities&#8217; welfare in the northern coast of Peru]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ecol Econ]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<page-range>178</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cabrera Hoyos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gastelo Benavides]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Otiniano Villanueva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pacheco del Castillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MÁ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Janampa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Variedades de Papa Resiliente al Cambio Climático, para la Seguridad Alimentaria del Perú]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huayhua-Lobatón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Valoración económica de la contaminación del recurso hídrico en la ciudad de Pichari]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rojas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JP.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Valoración ambiental del recurso hídrico en la subcuenca Jacahuasi, Tarma]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chávez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Broadbent]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Almeyda Zambrano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AM.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Smallholder policy adoption and land cover change in the southeastern Peruvian Amazon: A twenty-year perspective]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Appl Geogr]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>53</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shepard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rummenhoeller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ohl-Schacherer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DW.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Trouble in paradise: Indigenous populations, anthropological policies, and biodiversity conservation in Manu National Park, Peru]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Sustain for]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>252-301</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Layza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gonzales]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La deforestación y el cambio climatico en la provincia de San Martin periodo:1973-2014.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cienc Tecnol]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>19-30</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández Sampieri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernández Collado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baptista Lucio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Metodología de la investigación]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mendoza Bellido]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[¿Cómo investigan los economístas?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Guía para elaborar y desarrollar un proyecto de investigación]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Davidson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mackinnon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Econometric Theory and Methods]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<page-range>2004</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torres Reyna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Panel Data Analysis Fixed &amp; Random Effects]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Princet Univ]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<page-range>1-40</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>MINAM</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Deforestación se reduce en diez regiones con bosques amazónicos - Noticias - Ministerio del Ambiente - Gobierno del Perú]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hoyos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gavier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GI]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kuemmerle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bucher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Radeloff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[VC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tecco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PA.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Invasion of glossy privet (Ligustrum lucidum) and native forest loss in the Sierras Chicas of Córdoba, Argentina]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Biol Invasions]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
