<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2518-4431</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Investigación & Desarrollo]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Inv. y Des.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2518-4431</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[UNIVERSIDAD PRIVADA BOLIVIANA]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2518-44312025000100077</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23881/idupbo.025.1-7i</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[STUDY OF OPTIMIZATION STRATEGIES FOR LAST-MILE DELIVERY OF CPG PRODUCTS TO NANOSTORES IN THE CITY CENTER OF COCHABAMBA]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[ESTUDIO DE ESTRATEGIAS DE OPTIMIZACIÓN PARA LA DISTRIBUCIÓN DE ÚLTIMA MILLA DE PRODUCTOS DE CONSUMO (CPG) A NANOTIENDAS EN EL CENTRO DE LA CIUDAD DE COCHABAMBA]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lima]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Santiago]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[da Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Agatha]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ágreda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Evelyn]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pereira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Adriana]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Privada Boliviana (UPB) Centro de Operaciones Logísticas (CeOL) ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cochabamba ]]></addr-line>
<country>Bolivia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>25</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>77</fpage>
<lpage>95</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.bo/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2518-44312025000100077&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.bo/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2518-44312025000100077&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.bo/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2518-44312025000100077&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN La logística de última milla representa un importante reto económico y medioambiental en los centros urbanos densos, sobre todo en las economías emergentes. En Bolivia, donde más del 92% de las transacciones minoristas se realizan a través de nanotiendas informales, las operaciones de transporte urbano para abastecer estos canales se ven obstaculizadas por calles estrechas, congestión y falta de infraestructura logística. En esta dirección, este estudio explora una estrategia de optimización para la entrega de última milla de bienes de consumo envasados (CPGs) a las nanotiendas en el centro de Cochabamba. Usamos un enfoque de métodos mixtos, incluyendo encuestas a 243 tiendas, entrevistas con gerentes de logística y modelado de rutas con VRP (Vehicle Routing Problem) Spreadsheet Solver. Consideramos una estrategia de bahías logísticas basada en agrupaciones, aprovechando para ello las bahías de estacionamiento abandonadas de la región. Los resultados muestran que el uso de bahías designadas y la agrupación de rutas propuesta pueden reducir los plazos de entrega hasta en un 11% y los costes unitarios en un 4,7%. Estas conclusiones sirven de base para la planificación de la logística urbana y las políticas públicas de las ciudades que se enfrentan a retos similares en el comercio minorista informal.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT Last-mile logistics represents a major cost and environmental challenge in dense urban centers, particularly in emerging economies. In Bolivia, where over 92% of retail transactions occur through informal nanostores, urban freight operations to supply these channels are hindered by narrow streets, congestion, and a lack of logistics infrastructure. In this direction, this study explores an optimization strategy for last-mile delivery of consumer-packaged goods (CPGs) to nanostores in downtown Cochabamba. We used a mixed-methods approach, including surveys of 243 stores, interviews with logistics managers, and route modeling with VRP (Vehicle Routing Problem) Spreadsheet Solver. We considered a cluster-based logistics bay strategy, leveraging abandoned parking bays in the region for this purpose. Results show that the use of designated bays and the proposed route clustering can reduce delivery times by up to 11% and unit costs by 4,7%. These findings inform urban logistics planning and public policy for cities facing similar informal retail challenges.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Last-mile distribution]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[traditional channel]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[public policies]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[routing model]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[bays]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Distribución de última milla]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[canal tradicional]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[políticas públicas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[modelo de encaminamiento]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[bahías]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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