<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2518-4431</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Investigación & Desarrollo]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Inv. y Des.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2518-4431</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[UNIVERSIDAD PRIVADA BOLIVIANA]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2518-44312024000100081</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23881/idupbo.024.1-7i</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[RITUALES ANDINOS Y CONSTRUCCIÓN DE EDIFICIOS: INFRAESTRUCTURAS FÍSICAS Y SIMBÓLICAS]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[ANDEAN RITUALS AND BUILDING CONSTRUCTION: PHYSICAL AND SYMBOLIC INFRASTRUCTURES]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pereyra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María Fernanda]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cabrera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Privada Boliviana Centro de Investigaciones en Arquitectura y Urbanismo (CIAU) ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Bolivia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>81</fpage>
<lpage>93</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.bo/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2518-44312024000100081&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.bo/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2518-44312024000100081&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.bo/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2518-44312024000100081&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN  Este trabajo explora la relación entre los ritos andinos y la construcción de edificios en las ciudades de La Paz y Cochabamba. Su objetivo es caracterizar el vínculo entre el ritual andino de ofrenda a la Pachamama y el proceso constructivo de edificios, revelando las particularidades de los ritos y su relevancia en dichas edificaciones. El estudio describe y analiza los actos sociales y espaciales que buscan garantizar el aseguramiento social y simbólico en torno a la construcción. Para ello, se realizó una revisión de investigaciones previas y documentos relacionados con el tema. La investigación se basa en un trabajo etnográfico, que incluye observación participante, entrevistas con constructores, &#8220;Yatiris&#8221;, propietarios y otros actores clave, así como encuestas a los habitantes de estas edificaciones. Los resultados revelan la existencia de dos tipos de infraestructuras: una infraestructura física y una infraestructura simbólica. Esta última proporciona protección, armonía y cohesión social, fortalece la identidad comunitaria y refuerza las relaciones sociales alrededor del proceso constructivo. Aunque los ritos no determinan técnicamente la construcción de los edificios, contribuyen a la realización de las obras bajo una lógica de sostenibilidad social.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT This work explores the relationship between Andean rituals and building construction in the cities of La Paz and Cochabamba. Its objective is to characterize the connection between the Andean ritual of offering to Pachamama and the building construction process, revealing the particularities of the rituals and their relevance in these constructions. The study describes and analyzes the social and spatial acts aimed at ensuring social and symbolic security around construction. To this end, a review of previous research and related documents was conducted. The investigation is based on ethnographic work, including participant observation, interviews with builders, &#8220;Yatiris,&#8221; owners, and other key actors, as well as surveys of the inhabitants of these buildings. The results reveal the existence of two types of infrastructures: a physical infrastructure and a symbolic infrastructure. The latter provides protection, harmony, and social cohesion, strengthens community identity, and reinforces social relationships around the construction process. While the rituals do not technically determine the construction of the buildings, they contribute to the realization of the works under a logic of social sustainability.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Rituales Andinos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Infraestructura Simbólica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Construcción de Edificios]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Bolivia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Andean Rituals]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Symbolic Infrastructure]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Building Construction]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Bolivia]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>[1]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scarborough]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[In Search of a New Indigeneity: Archaeological and Spiritual Heritage in Highland Bolivia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[University of California Press]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>[2]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cruz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A pre-Hispanic religious landscape on the arid Andean altiplano of Bolivia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Antiquity]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>97</volume>
<numero>393</numero>
<issue>393</issue>
<page-range>e18-1-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>[3]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Coloca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lopez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Archaeology and pre-Hispanic mining rituals in the south-central Andes (Puna of Salta, Northwestern Argentina)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Anthropological Archaeology]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>62</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>[4]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Bolivia Emprende</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Santa Cruz concentra el 52% de la construcción en el eje troncal]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Bolivia Emprende]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>[5]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jones]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Architecture and Ritual]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<edition>1st ed.</edition>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[London, UK ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Bloomsbury Publishing]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>[6]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nadali]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Polcaro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The sky from the high terrace: Study on the orientation of the ziqqurat in ancient Mesopotamia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Mediterranean Archaeology and Archaeometry]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>[7]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Frenzel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Restoration of Medieval Stained Glass]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year>1985</year>
<volume>252</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>[8]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Magli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Royal mausoleums of the western Han and of the Song Chinese dynasties: A satellite imagery analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Archaeological Research in Asia]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>15</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>[9]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morehart]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Human Sacrifice During the Epiclassic Period in the Northern Basin of Mexico]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>[10]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Robinson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Domestic burnt offerings and sacrifices at Roman and pre-Roman Pompeii, Italy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Vegetation History and Archaeobotany]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>11</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>[11]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Levin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Critical Zen art history]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Art Historiography]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>15</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>[12]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gomez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El ritual como forma de adoctrinamiento]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Gazeta de antropología]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>[13]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ameigeiras]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Símbolos, Rituales Religiosos e Identidades]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>[14]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garcia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Interacción y emociones. La microsociología de Randall Collins y la dimensión emocional de la interacción social]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Online]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>[15]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernandez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Yatiris y Chamakanis del altiplano aymara, sueños, testimonios y prácticas ceremoniales]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Quito, Ecuador ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Abyayala]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>[16]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Campohermoso Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soliz Soliz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Lógica Aymara Trivalente y Cosmovisión Andina]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Cuadernos]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>56</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>[17]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Girault]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Rituales en las regiones andinas de Bolivia y Perú]]></source>
<year>1988</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bolivia ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Don Bosco]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>[18]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Botero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Mito, Rito, Símbolo]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>[19]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yampara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Muruqu - Taru Uta: Un sistema de vivienda de Jaqis que &#8216;saben vivir y convivir bien&#8217; con el pluriverso de mundos en el cosmos biótico]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>[20]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Limachi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El Akhulli y sus manifestaciones rituales en el Ayllu originario Ayjadero]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>[21]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valdez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Rituales a la Pachamama engalanan agosto en Bolivia]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Los Ángeles Times]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>[22]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mamani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Observaciones adivinatorias y técnicas simbólicas]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Online]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>[23]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernandez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Entre la repugnancia y la seducción: Ofrendas complejas en los Andes del sur]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Ecuador ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>[24]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Allen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Hold Life Has: Coca and Cultural Identity in an Andean Community]]></source>
<year>1988</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Washington, D.C. ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Smithsonian Institution Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>[25]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Van den Berghe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ochoa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Cuzco: A Cultural History]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Oxford, UK ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Oxford University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
