<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2311-2581</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Journal of the Selva Andina Animal Science]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[J.Selva Andina Anim. Sci.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2311-2581</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Journal of the Selva Andina Animal Science.Fundación Selva Andina Research Society.Departamento de Enseñanza e Investigación en Bioquímica & Microbiología.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2311-25812025000100020</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36610/j.jsaas.2025.120100020</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Detección de micotoxinas en alimentos balanceados secos para caninos. Un riesgo para la salud animal en Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Detection of mycotoxins in dry dog food. A risk for animal health in Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vargas-Gómez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mayori Adamary]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Loza-Vega]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ariel Jhonny]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias Laboratorio de investigación y diagnóstico veterinaria PROVETSUR]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Santa Cruz ]]></addr-line>
<country>Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias Bioestadística Veterinaria]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Santa Cruz ]]></addr-line>
<country>Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>20</fpage>
<lpage>33</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.bo/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2311-25812025000100020&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.bo/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2311-25812025000100020&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.bo/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2311-25812025000100020&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen La presencia de micotoxinas representa un riesgo grave para la salud ya que son metabolitos fúngicos secundarios, que causan enfermedades tanto agudas como crónicas en humanos y animales. Los cereales, que son componentes principales en la formulación de alimentos secos para mascotas, son especialmente susceptibles a la contaminación por micotoxinas. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar la contaminación por aflatoxinas, fumonisinas y zearalenona en alimentos balanceados secos para perros, que servirá como base para estimar el riesgo del desarrollo de patologías hepáticas y renales en caninos de Santa Cruz de la Sierra. Para ello se analizaron 45 muestras de alimentos balanceados secos para perros obtenidas del Distrito Municipal 1 de la ciudad de Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia. Los resultados revelaron que las aflatoxinas fueron, la micotoxina más frecuente (67 %), fumonisinas (47 %) y zearalenona (2 %). En función al lugar de adquisición de las muestras, en los mercados se obtuvo un porcentaje de muestras positivas del 63 % aflatoxinas, 26 % fumonisinas y 5 % zearalenona. En contraste, las tiendas 69, 62 y 0 % para las mismas micotoxinas, respectivamente. Los alimentos a granel, la mayor contaminación por aflatoxinas (100 %), 53 % en bolsa cerrada y 47 % envasados artesanalmente. Por el contrario, los alimentos con mayor contaminación por fumonisinas fueron en bolsa cerrada (73 %), a granel (40 %) y artesanal (27 %). Además, un 35% de las muestras presentaron contaminación simultánea por aflatoxinas y fumonisinas, lo que subraya la importancia de continuar investigando el riesgo potencial de una exposición simultánea a estas micotoxinas. Estos hallazgos resaltan la necesidad de implementar controles estrictos en la selección de materias primas, la forma de manipulación y en las condiciones de almacenamiento, así como de continuar investigando el impacto de las micotoxinas en la salud de las mascotas.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The presence of mycotoxins represents a serious health risk as they are secondary fungal metabolites, which cause both acute and chronic diseases in humans and animals. Cereals, which are major components in dry pet food formulation, are particularly susceptible to mycotoxin contamination. This study aimed to investigate aflatoxin, fumonisin and zearalenone contamination in dry balanced dog foods, which will serve as a basis for estimating the risk of developing liver and kidney pathologies in canines in Santa Cruz de la Sierra. For this purpose, 45 samples of dry balanced dog food obtained from Municipal District 1 of the city of Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia, were analyzed. The results revealed that aflatoxins were the most frequent mycotoxin (67 %), fumonisin (47 %) and zearalenone (2 %). According to the place of purchase of the samples, markets showed a percentage of positive samples of 63 % aflatoxins, 26 % fumonisin and 5 % zearalenone. In contrast, shops 69, 62 and 0 % for the same mycotoxins, respectively. Bulk foods had the highest aflatoxin contamination (100 %), 53 % in closed bags and 47 % hand-packed. On the contrary, the foods with the highest fumonisin contamination were in closed bag (73 %), bulk (40 %) and handmade (27 %). In addition, 35% of the samples showed simultaneous contamination by aflatoxins and fumonisin, which underlines the importance of further investigating the potential risk of simultaneous exposure to these mycotoxins. These findings highlight the need to implement strict controls on raw material selection, handling and storage conditions, as well as to further investigate the impact of mycotoxins on pet health.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Aflatoxinas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[fumonisinas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[zearalenona]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[contaminación de alimentos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[alimento seco para perros]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ELISA]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Aflatoxins]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[fumonisin]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[zearalenone]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[food contamination]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[dry dog food]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[ELISA]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Pet Food Institute</collab>
<source><![CDATA[The history of pet food]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Crane Stephen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cowell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stout]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moser]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Millican]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Romano Jr]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Commercial pet foods]]></article-title>
<collab>Mark Morris Institute</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Small Animal Clinical Nutrition]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<page-range>158-90</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Topeka ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Mark Morris Institute]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Case]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Daristotle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hayek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Raasch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MF]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[History and regulation of pet foods]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Case]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Daristotle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hayek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Raasch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MF]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Canine and Feline Nutrition: A Resource for Companion Animal Professionals]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<page-range>121-9</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Mosby ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Missouri]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carrión]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thompson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Pet food]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lelieveld]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Motarjemi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Food Safety Management. A Practical Guide for the Food Industry]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<page-range>379-96</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Amsterdam ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Academic Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Food and Drug Administration</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Biological, chemical and physical contaminants in animal feed]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bhat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RV]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Karim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mycotoxins in food and feed present status and future concerns]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>57-81</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eskola]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Elliott]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Haj&#353;lová]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mayar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Krska]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Worldwide contamination of food-crops with mycotoxins Validity of the widely cited &amp;apos;FAO estimate&amp;apos; of 25]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>60</volume>
<numero>16</numero>
<issue>16</issue>
<page-range>2773-89</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tegzes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oakley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brennan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comparison of mycotoxin concentrations in grain versus grain-free dry and wet commercial dog foods]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Toxicol Commun]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>61-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boermans]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leung]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MC]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mycotoxins and the pet food industry toxicological evidence and risk assessment]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int J Food Microbiol]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>119</volume>
<numero>1-2</numero>
<issue>1-2</issue>
<page-range>95-102</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Janik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Niemcewicz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ceremuga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stela]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saluk-Bijak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Siadkowski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Molecular aspects of mycotoxins-a serious problem for human health]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int J Mol Sci]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>21</numero>
<issue>21</issue>
<page-range>8187</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Böhm]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Koinig]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Razzazi-Fazeli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Blajet-Kosicka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Twaruzek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grajewski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Survey and risk assessment of the mycotoxins deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, fumonisins, ochratoxin A, and aflatoxins in commercial dry dog food]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Mycotoxin Res]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>147-53</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Deng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NY]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Karrow]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Krumm]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Qi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Aflatoxin B1 metabolism regulation by phase I and II metabolizing enzymes and chemoprotective agents]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Mutat Res Rev Mutat Res]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>778</volume>
<page-range>79-89</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Böhm]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effects of mycotoxins in domestic pet species]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Laue]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tucker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Recent advances in pet nutrition]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<page-range>169-92</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Switzerland ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[CABI Digital]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leung]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Díaz-Llano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Smith]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TK]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mycotoxins in pet food a review on worldwide prevalence and preventative strategies]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Agric Food Chem]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>54</volume>
<numero>26</numero>
<issue>26</issue>
<page-range>9623-35</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boermans]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leung]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MC]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mycotoxins and the pet food industry toxicological evidence and risk assessment]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int J Food Microbiol]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>119</volume>
<numero>1-2</numero>
<issue>1-2</issue>
<page-range>95-102</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alshannaq]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JH]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Occurrence, toxicity, and analysis of major mycotoxins in food]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int J Environ Res Public Health]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>632</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comparison of some mycotoxin concentration and prevalence in premium and economic class of adult dog foods]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ital J Anim Sci]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1380-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Biblioteca Virtual de la Cooperación Alemana</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Santa Cruz atlas de potencialidades productivas del Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia 2009]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Bolivia Turismo</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Clima de Bolivia]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Gobierno Autónomo Municipal de Santa Cruz de la Sierra</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Sub Alcaldía del Distrito Municipal 1]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aanensen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huntley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Feil]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[al-Own]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Spratt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BG]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[EpiCollect linking smartphones to web applications for epidemiology, ecology and community data collection]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[PLoS One]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Romer Labs.</collab>
<source><![CDATA[AgraQuant® Total Aflatoxin ELISA Test]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Romer Labs.</collab>
<source><![CDATA[AgraQuant® Fumonisin ELISA test]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Romer Labs.</collab>
<source><![CDATA[AgraQuant® Zearalenone Plus ELISA test]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>User-friendly statistical software</collab>
<source><![CDATA[MedCalc. Easy-to-use statistical software]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>26</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Potential safety risks in pet food ingredients</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Food for pets - promoting excellence in the Australian pet food industry]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>27</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>The European Parliament and the Council of the European Union</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Directive 2002/32/Ec of the European Parliament and of the Council]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Brussels ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[The European Parliament and the Council of the European Union]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>28</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kyprianou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Commission Recommendation of 17 August 2006 on the presence of deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, ochratoxin A, T-2 and HT-2 and fumonisins in products intended for animal feeding families]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Brussels ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Official Journal of the European Union]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>29</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gazzotti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Biagi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pagliuca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pinna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scardilli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grandi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Occurrence of mycotoxins in extruded commercial dog food]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anim Feed Sci Technol]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>202</volume>
<page-range>81-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<label>30</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Singh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chuturgoon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A comparative analysis of mycotoxin contamination of supermarket and premium brand pelleted dog food in Durban, South Africa]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J S Afr Vet Assoc]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>88</volume>
<numero>0</numero>
<issue>0</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<label>31</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Atungulu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mohammadi-Shad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wilson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mycotoxin issues in pet food]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ricke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Atungulu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rainwater]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Park]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SH]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Food and Feed Safety Systems and Analysis]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<page-range>25-44</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Amsterdam ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Academic Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<label>32</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soriano del Castillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Micotoxinas en alimentos]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ediciones Díaz de Santos]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<label>33</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez-Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valdivia-Flores]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guerrero-Barrera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quezada-Tristán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rangel-Muñoz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ortiz-Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Toxic effect of aflatoxins in dogs fed contaminated commercial dry feed a review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Toxins (Basel)]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>65</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<label>34</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bastos de Siqueira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ME]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Occurrence of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 in some Brazilian pet foods]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Food Addit Contam]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>1180-3</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<label>35</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vizcarra Perales]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Presencia de aflatoxinas en alimento balanceado para perros (Canis familiaris) comercializado a granel en mercados del distrito de Barranco]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Lima ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Científica del Sur]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<label>36</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pereira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mozart]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Teixeira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LDSS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aronovich]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodrigues]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Keller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LAM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evaluation of mycobiota and mycotoxins in moist and natural pet foods sold in Brazil]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[R Bras Ci Vet]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>26-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
