<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2306-8671</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Aportes de la Comunicación y la Cultura]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. aportes de la comunicación]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2306-8671</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Privada de Santa Cruz de la Sierra]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2306-86712025000200007</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Empowerment of women in the tourism industry: Experiences from Samaipata, Bolivia]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Empoderamiento de mujeres en la industria del turismo: Experiencias en Samaipata, Bolivia]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lamare]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Iris Viel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bejtja]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Michelle]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Munch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Emma]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schick]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jana Anoma]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kristensen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Matias Meany]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Egbe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Abigel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soliz Villarroel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jorge Andrés]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,lwq979@alumni.ku.dk  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,gck863@alumni.ku.dk  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,hdv128@alumni.ku.dk  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,tkh915@alumni.ku.dk  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,bmv274@alumni.ku.dk  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="Af6">
<institution><![CDATA[,mcz934@alumni.ku.dk  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="Af7">
<institution><![CDATA[,a2021112349@estudiantes.upsa.edu.bo  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>39</numero>
<fpage>7</fpage>
<lpage>18</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.bo/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2306-86712025000200007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.bo/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2306-86712025000200007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.bo/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2306-86712025000200007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The following research paper provides an insight into the phenomenon of female (dis) empowerment in the tourism industry in Bolivia, by conducting a case study in the town of Samaipata and combining it with data at a national level. The paper will explore, through a mixed-methods approach, how local gender norms, as well as social and economic factors, affect the female experience in the tourism sector. To do so, an expansion upon the empowerment framework (Scheyvens, 1999) was realized. The quantitative approach utilizes secondary survey data gathered by the National Institute of Statistics (INE), as well as data from the Sustainable Development Solutions Network (SDSN), to run cross-sectional regressions, to understand what impact the tourism sector has on the relationship between occupational segregation and economic empowerment. The qualitative analysis is based on primary data collected through interviews conducted in Samaipata. The quantitative findings suggest that a large tourism sector is associated with an overall decrease in the tourism gender pay gap, indicating that the tourism industry may increase female economic empowerment. The qualitative findings corroborate this discovery, highlighting that working in the tourism industry empowers women, for instance, increasing their self-esteem and self-efficacy. Based on the findings, gender norms such as machismo also play an important role in shaping female experiences.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen El siguiente trabajo de investigación ofrece una visión del fenómeno del (des)empoderamiento femenino en la industria del turismo en Bolivia, tomando un estudio de caso en la ciudad de Samaipata y combinándolo con datos a nivel nacional. El documento explorará, a través de un enfoque de métodos mixtos, cómo las normas locales de género, así como los factores sociales y económicos, afectan a la experiencia femenina en el sector turístico. Para ello, ese trabajo se basa en el concepto de empoderamiento de Scheyvens (1999); el enfoque cuantitativo utiliza datos de encuestas secundarias, recopilados por el Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), así como datos de la Red de Soluciones para el Desarrollo Sostenible (SDSN), para ejecutar regresiones transversales, con el fin de comprender qué impacto tiene el sector turístico con relación a la segregación ocupacional y el empoderamiento económico. Los hallazgos cualitativos corroboran este descubrimiento, destacando que las mujeres que trabajan en turismo experimentan altos niveles de empoderamiento, así como una mayor autoestima y el fortalecimiento de la autoestima, la autoeficacia y el capital social entre las mujeres directivas y empleadas, fomentando así un sentido de empoderamiento dentro de este grupo demográfico.]]></p></abstract>
</article-meta>
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