<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2074-4706</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Latinoamericana de Desarrollo Económico]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[rlde]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2074-4706</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Católica Boliviana "San Pablo"]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2074-47062024000200011</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35319/lajed.202442542</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Emprendedores reticentes, informalidad, y microemprendimiento en la población transgénero y transexual de Bolivia]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Reluctant entrepreneurs, informality, and micro-businesses in Bolivia&#8217;s transgender community]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hummel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Calla]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Velasco Guachalla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V. Ximena]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Humerez Aquino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luna Sharlotte]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de British Columbia  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Canada</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Essex  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>United Kingdom</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Organización de Travestis, Transexuales, y Transgéneros Femeninas de Bolivia (OTRAF Bolivia  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>42</numero>
<fpage>11</fpage>
<lpage>42</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.bo/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2074-47062024000200011&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.bo/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2074-47062024000200011&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.bo/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2074-47062024000200011&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen En este artículo describimos y analizamos los resultados de una encuesta realizada a personas transgénero y transexuales en Bolivia. El enfoque está centrado en las condiciones laborales y las experiencias de esta población dentro del mercado laboral del país. Complementamos los resultados de la encuesta con un análisis cualitativo de entrevistas realizadas con activistas de la Organización de Travestis, Transexuales, y Transgéneros Femeninas de Bolivia (OTRAF Bolivia). Los resultados de la encuesta y las entrevistas muestran que las personas transgénero y transexuales en Bolivia reportan experimentar barreras para acceder al mercado laboral formal, siendo uno de los principales obstáculos los altos niveles de discriminación por parte de similares y empleadores. Su condición laboral se caracteriza por niveles elevados de desempleo, subempleo, bajos ingresos económicos y trabajo informal. Con respecto al trabajo informal, muchas personas transgénero y transexuales optan por comenzar su propio negocio como medio para generar ingresos y como respuesta a la discriminación que experimentan en el mercado laboral. Analizamos a estos y estas emprendedores informales dentro del marco de la literatura de &#8220;reluctant entrepreneurs&#8221; o emprendedores reticentes y concluimos con recomendaciones de políticas públicas.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract In this article we describe and analyze the results of a survey of transgender and transsexual people in Bolivia. The focus is on the working conditions and experiences of this population within the country&#8217;s labor market. We complement the survey results with a qualitative analysis of interviews conducted with activists from the Organization of Transvestites, Transsexuals, and Transgender Women of Bolivia (OTRAF Bolivia). The results show that transgender and transsexual people in Bolivia experience barriers to accessing the formal labor market, one of the main obstacles being high levels of discrimination by both peers and employers. The people who we surveyed and interviewed recounted high levels of unemployment, underemployment, low income, and informal work. With respect to informal work, a notable number of people chose to start their own business as a means to generate income and as a strategy to avoid the discrimination that many encounter in the labor market. We analyze these informal entrepreneurs within the framework of the &#8220;reluctant entrepreneurs&#8221; literature and conclude with policy recommendations.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Transgénero]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[microemprendimiento]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[informalidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[microempresa, LGBT.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Transgender]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[microentrepreneurship]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[small business]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[informal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[LGBTQ]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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