<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1726-8958</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Médica La Paz]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. Méd. La Paz]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1726-8958</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Colegio Médico de La Paz]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1726-89582025000200021</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[ANOMALÍAS CONGÉNITAS EN EL HOSPITAL DE LA MUJER, LA PAZ, BOLIVIA: PREVALENCIA AL NACIMIENTO Y FACTORES DE RIESGO]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[CONGENITAL ANOMALIES AT THE HOSPITAL DE LA MUJER, LA PAZ, BOLIVIA: PREVALENCE AT BIRTH AND RISK FACTORS]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Luna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Beatriz]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Linares]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Daniel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rolando]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torrico]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Evelyn]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hinojosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sergio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yucra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marisol]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montaño]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jaime]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Taboada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gonzalo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Mayor de San Andrés Facultad de Medicina, Enfermería, Nutrición y Tecnología médica Instituto de Genética]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Bolivia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital de la Mujer Servicio de Neonatología y Terapia Intensiva Neonatal &#8220;Dr. Manuel Diaz Villegas&#8221; ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>31</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>21</fpage>
<lpage>30</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.bo/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1726-89582025000200021&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.bo/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1726-89582025000200021&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.bo/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1726-89582025000200021&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN  Introducción. Las anomalías congénitas son alteraciones estructurales o funcionales que ocurren durante el desarrollo intrauterino, representan una de las principales causas de mortalidad infantil y discapacidad a largo plazo, son de etiología multifactorial, siendo el resultado de La interacción de múltiples factores de riesgo genéticos, epigenéticos, ambientales y culturales, por ello los sistemas de salud necesitan enfocarse en la mejora de los métodos de detección y diagnóstico precoz de estas condiciones.  Objetivo. Describir las AC en recién nacidos y sus posibles FR en neonatos del Hospital de la Mujer, de la ciudad de La Paz Bolivia.  Material y métodos. Este estudio de casos y controles entre 2017 y 2019. Con un registro de todos los nacimientos con AC y de sus controles pareados. La información se obtuvo mediante entrevistas a las madres y revisión de expedientes clínicos, previo consentimiento informado.  Resultados. Se evidenciaron 147 casos y 147 controles, con una frecuencia de 1.59% de todos los recién nacidos, se observó una diferencia estadísticamente significativa en los indicadores antropométricos, entre las AC más frecuentes están los defectos del tubo neural, las microtias, las fisuras labio palatinas y las cromosomopatías, entre los factores de riesgo significativos se identificó la exposición a agentes ambientales durante la gestación, la ocupación materna en agricultura y edad materna &gt;35 años.  Conclusiones. La exposición a pesticidas y la ocupación materna en la agricultura son factores de riesgo significativos que cobran real implicancia en nuestro medio. Surge la necesidad de implementar sistemas de vigilancia epidemiológica para anomalías congénitas en nuestra población, con el fin de detectar y controlar oportunamente posibles factores de riesgo.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT  Introduction. Congenital anomalies are structural or functional alterations that occur during intrauterine development. They represent one of the leading causes of infant mortality and long-term disability. Their etiology is multifactorial, resulting from the interaction of various genetic, epigenetic, environmental, and cultural risk factors. Consequently, health systems must prioritize the improvement of early detection and diagnostic methods for these conditions.  Objective.  To describe congenital anomalies (CAs) in newborns and their possible risk factors at the Hospital de la Mujer in La Paz, Bolivia.  Materials and Methods.  This was a case-control study conducted between 2017 and 2019. All births with congenital anomalies and matched controls were registered. Data were collected through maternal interviews and medical record reviews, following informed consent.  Results.  A total of 147 cases and 147 controls were identified, with a frequency of 1.59% among all newborns. A statistically significant difference was observed in anthropometric indicators. The most frequent anomalies included neural tube defects, microtia, cleft lip and palate, and chromosomal abnormalities. Significant risk factors identified were exposure to environmental agents during pregnancy, maternal occupation in agriculture, and maternal age over 35 years.  Conclusions.  Pesticide exposure and maternal agricultural work are significant risk factors with substantial relevance in our setting. There is a clear need to implement epidemiological surveillance systems for congenital anomalies in our population to enable timely detection and control of potential risk factors.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Anomalías Congénitas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Factores de Riesgo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Exposición a Plaguicidas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Interacción Gen-Ambiente]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Prevalencia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Congenital Abnormalities]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Risk Factors]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Pesticide Exposure]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Gene-Environment Interaction]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Prevalence.]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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