<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1726-8958</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Médica La Paz]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. Méd. La Paz]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1726-8958</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Colegio Médico de La Paz]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1726-89582023000100087</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[NUEVOS CONCEPTOS DE LA LARINGOTRAQUEÍTIS EN NIÑOS (CRUP VIRAL)]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[NEW CONCEPTS OF LARYNGOTRACHEITIS IN CHILDREN (VIRAL CROUP)]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rada Cuentas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ademar Jaime]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital del Niño &#8220;Ovidio Aliaga Uría&#8221; Servicio de Infectología ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>29</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>87</fpage>
<lpage>103</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.bo/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1726-89582023000100087&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.bo/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1726-89582023000100087&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.bo/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1726-89582023000100087&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN El propósito de este artículo de actualización es brindar información de la epidemiología, etiología manifestaciones clínicas para un diagnóstico preciso, recomendaciones para solicitar exámenes de laboratorio y gabinete y finalmente el tratamiento sintomático con corticoides y cuando hacer uso de epinefrina o adrenalina. La laringotraqueítis es una infección respiratoria aguda desencadenada por una infección viral de la vía aérea superior que afecta al 3% de los niños de seis meses a tres años. Es responsable del 7% de las hospitalizaciones anuales por fiebre y/o enfermedad respiratoria aguda en niños (as) menores de 5 años. Es la causa más frecuente de obstrucción de la vía aérea superior, secundaria a la inflamación de la laringe, la tráquea y los bronquios que genera estridor respiratorio y tos perruna o de foca. En la mayoría de los casos, el agente causal de la enfermedad es el virus parainfluenza. Si bien, muchos niños experimentan fiebre de bajo grado, su presencia no es necesaria para el diagnóstico, el cual es esencialmente clínico y rara vez se necesitan exámenes de laboratorio y gabinete para este propósito. El cultivo viral y la prueba rápida para identificar antígenos, tienen mínimo impacto en el tratamiento y no se recomiendan de rutina. La radiografía y la laringoscopia deben reservarse cuando se sospechan diagnósticos alternativos. El tratamiento es sintomático con el uso habitual de corticoides y en ocasiones epinefrina o adrenalina. Una sola dosis de dexametasona oral, intramuscular o endovenosa mejora los síntomas y disminuye las visitas de retorno, readmisiones y la duración de hospitalización en niños con LT de cualquier gravedad. La adición de epinefrina nebulizada mejora los síntomas en niños con LT moderada o severa, disminuye el porcentaje de intubación y evita la insuficiencia respiratoria. La intervención oportuna al inicio de la enfermedad, disminuye la severidad de los síntomas, la atención médica en servicios de urgencia pediátrica y la internación hospitalaria.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT The purpose of this update article is to provide information on the epidemiology, etiology, clinical manifestations for an accurate diagnosis, recommendations for requesting laboratory and cabinet tests, and finally symptomatic treatment with corticosteroids and when to use epinephrine or adrenaline. Laryngotracheitis (LT) is an acute respiratory infection triggered by a viral infection of the upper airway that affects 3% of children from six months to three years. It is responsible for 7% of annual hospitalizations for fever and / or acute respiratory illness in children under 5 years. It is the most frequent cause of obstruction of the upper airway, secondary to inflammation of the larynx, trachea and bronchi that causes respiratory stridor and barking cough. In most cases, the causative agent of the disease is the parainfluenza virus. While many children experience low-grade fever, their presence is not necessary for diagnosis, which is essentially clinical and laboratory and cabinet tests are rarely needed for this purpose. Viral culture and rapid test to identify antigens have minimal impact on treatment and are not recommended routinely. Radiography and laryngoscopy should be reserved when alternative diagnoses are suspected. The treatment is symptomatic with the usual use of corticosteroids and sometimes epinephrine or adrenaline. A single dose of oral, intramuscular or intravenous dexamethasone improves symptoms and decreases return visits, readmissions and length of hospitalization in children with LT of any severity. The addition of nebulized epinephrine improves symptoms in children with moderate or severe LT, decreases the percentage of intubation and prevents respiratory failure. Timely intervention at the onset of the disease, decreases the severity of symptoms, medical attention in pediatric emergency services and hospitalization.]]></p></abstract>
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<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Rev Soc Bol Ped 2018]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Crup]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[laringotraqueítis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[laringotraqueobronquitis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[RevSocBolPed2018]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Croup]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[laryngotracheitis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[laryngotracheobronchitis]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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