<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1683-0789</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Acta Nova]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[RevActaNova.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1683-0789</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Católica Boliviana]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1683-07892023000200140</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35319/acta-nova.20235</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Modelos de estimación de emisiones de GEIs en embalses hidroeléctricos y aplicación a tres proyectos hidroeléctricos en Bolivia para obtener indicadores de sostenibilidad aplicables a la Evaluación de Impacto Ambiental]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Models for estimating GHG emissions in hydroelectric reservoirs and application to three hydroelectric projects in Bolivia to obtain sustainability indicators applicable to the Environmental Impact Assessment]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zurita]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María Mercedes]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Luján]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marcos]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Católica Boliviana Departamento de Ciencias Exactas e Ingeniería ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cochabamba, ]]></addr-line>
<country>Bolivia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>140</fpage>
<lpage>161</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.bo/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1683-07892023000200140&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.bo/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1683-07892023000200140&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.bo/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1683-07892023000200140&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: En respuesta a la crisis climática, Bolivia ha adoptado la transición energética mediante el aprovechamiento de la energía hidroeléctrica como principal fuente. Gracias a sus condiciones climáticas y topográficas, el país cuenta con un potencial aproximado de 40 GW, aunque su capacidad actual de generación hidroeléctrica es de tan solo 0,75 GW. Este artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación sobre diferentes modelos de estimación de emisiones de GEI en proyectos hidroeléctricos que permitan la estimación de estas emisiones en diferentes contextos biogeográficos y permitan establecer las condiciones del embalse y las condiciones climáticas que inciden en las emisiones de GEI. Se identificaron como principales variables indicadoras de sostenibilidad la densidad de potencia (potencia generada por unidad de superficie inundada) y las emisiones específicas (emisiones de GEI por energía generada). Entre los modelos empleados, se seleccionó el modelo G-res Tool para estimar las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI) en tres proyectos hidroeléctricos en Bolivia: Ivirizu, Miguillas y Misicuni en un ciclo de vida de 100 años. El Proyecto Hidroeléctrico Ivirizu genera 374 t CO2eq año-1 de las fuentes biogénicas y emite aproximadamente 664.664 t CO2eq durante su fase de construcción, lo que resulta en una huella neta de GEI de 711.506 t CO2eq.y una emisión específica de 6,13 g CO2eq kWh-1. En el caso de Miguillas, se estimaron emisiones biogénicas del embalse de 239 t CO2eq año-1, mientras que las emisiones asociadas a la construcción se estimaron en 412.654 t CO2eq. Las emisiones específicas son 4,14 g CO2eq kWh-1. Para el Proyecto Múltiple Misicuni se estimaron 299 t CO2eq año-1 en emisiones biogénicas, para la etapa de construcción se estimaron 974.448 t CO2eq, resultando en una huella neta de GEI de 974.747 t CO2eq, las emisiones específicas serían 6,95 g CO2eq kWh-1. Estos resultados muestran de manera evidente que las emisiones de GEI durante las actividades de construcción superan significativamente las emisiones biogénicas de GEI por la inundación de los embalses de los tres proyectos hidroeléctricos. Además, es importante destacar que existe variabilidad en los valores debido a las condiciones ambientales específicas de cada lugar. Ivirizu presenta mayor cantidad de emisiones biogénicas de GEI porque se ubica en una zona templada, con épocas de altas temperaturas y alberga un bosque denso en el sitio del embalse. En el caso de Miguillas, la zona es templada y la cobertura del suelo se compone de bofedales. En cuanto a Misicuni, su ubicación en un clima frío de montaña, donde previamente predominaba un área de pajonal. Por sus emisiones específicas menores a los 80 g CO2eq kWh-1, todos estos proyectos se consideran como ambientalmente sostenibles.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Summary: In response to the climate crisis, Bolivia has adopted the energy transition by harnessing hydroelectric energy as the main source. Thanks to its climatic and topographic conditions, the country has an approximate potential of 40 GW, although its current hydroelectric generation capacity is only 0.75 GW. This article presents the results of a research on different models for estimating GHG emissions in hydroelectric projects that allow the estimation of these emissions in different biogeographic contexts and allow establishing the conditions of the reservoir and the climatic conditions that affect GHG emissions. Power density (power generated per unit of flooded area) and specific emissions (GHG emissions per energy generated) were identified as the main sustainability indicator variables. Among the models used, the G-res Tool model was selected to estimate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in three hydroelectric projects in Bolivia: Ivirizu, Miguillas and Misicuni in a 100-year life cycle. The Ivirizu Hydroelectric Project generates 374 t CO2eq year-1 from biogenic sources and emits approximately 664,664 t CO2eq during its construction phase, resulting in a net GHG footprint of 711,506 t CO2eq and a specific emission of 6.13 g CO2eq kWh-1. In the case of Miguillas, biogenic emissions from the reservoir were estimated at 239 t CO2eq year-1, while the emissions associated with the construction were estimated at 412,654 t CO2eq, the specific emissions being 4.14 g CO2eq kWh-1. For the Misicuni Multiple Project, 299 t CO2eq year-1 were estimated in biogenic emissions, for the construction stage 974,448 t CO2eq were estimated, resulting in a net GHG footprint of 974,747 t CO2eq, the specific emissions would be 6.95 g CO2eq kWh-1. These results clearly show that GHG emissions during construction activities significantly exceed biogenic GHG emissions from flooding of the reservoirs of the three hydropower projects. Furthermore, it is important to highlight that there is variability in the values due to the specific environmental conditions of each location. Ivirizu has a greater amount of biogenic GHG emissions because it is in a temperate zone, with periods of elevated temperatures and is home to a dense forest at the reservoir site. In the case of Miguillas, the area is temperate, and the soil cover is made up of wetlands. As for Misicuni, its location in a cold mountain climate, where previously an area of grassland predominated. Due to their specific emissions of less than 80 g CO2eq kWh-1, all of these projects are considered environmentally sustainable.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Emisiones de GEI]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[proyecto hidroeléctrico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[G-res Tool]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[GHG emissions]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[hydroelectric project]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[G-res Tool]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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