<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1652-6776</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Cuadernos Hospital de Clínicas]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Cuad. - Hosp. Clín.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1652-6776</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, Facultad de Medicina]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1652-67762024000200105</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.53287/nmxp3494ms13g</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[¿Cuánta masa grasa y masa libre de grasa tienen los escolares de gran altitud? Datos de escolares usando la metodología de isotopos estables: indices de masa grasa y masa libre de grasa]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[How much fat mass and fat-free mass do high altitude schools have? Data from schools using the stable isotope methodology: fat mass and fat-free mass indices]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[San Miguel-Simbrón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José L, M.D]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Urteaga-Mamani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Noelia A]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Muñoz-Vera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Maruska]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,aff1  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,aff2  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,aff3  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>65</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>105</fpage>
<lpage>111</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.bo/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1652-67762024000200105&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.bo/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1652-67762024000200105&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.bo/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1652-67762024000200105&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen El estudio de la vida a gran altitud es apasionante, sus antecedentes de una civilización antigua demuestran el gran desarrollo que existía en diferentes niveles del conocimiento. La fisiología de habitantes de gran altitud presenta diferencias descritas en tratados de enseñanza, más no así descripciones y análisis como se puede lograr al estudiar en profundidad características propias de funcionamiento en condiciones naturales de hipoxia hipobárica. La ciencia nuclear, aplicada en estudios de gran altitud, utiliza un principio fisiológico-biofísico muy importante como la dilución isotópica (caso del deuterio, isótopo estable, no radiactivo) para evaluar el agua corporal total, y a partir de ello determinar la masa libre de grasa y la masa grasa. La obesidad, como exceso de grasa corporal, no puede ser detectada por el índice de masa corporal (IMC), ya que tiene baja sensibilidad para hacerlo en la infancia. Valores similares de IMC en escolares de gran altitud pueden contener diferentes valores de índice de masa grasa (IMG) e índice de masa libre de grasa (IMLG). La interpretación de la significancia clínica de los índices de masa grasa y masa libre de grasa, en términos de normalización de kg para la talla en escolares, es de suma importancia para la evaluación pediátrica en salud y nutrición y la predicción futura de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles en un contexto de gran altitud.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The study of life at high altitude is exciting, its antecedents of an ancient civilization demonstrate the great development that existed at different levels of knowledge. The physiology of high-altitude inhabitants presents differences described in teaching treatises, but not descriptions and analysis as can be achieved by studying in depth characteristics of functioning in natural conditions of hypobaric hypoxia. Nuclear science, applied in high altitude studies, uses a very important physiological- biophysical principle such as isotopic dilution (in the case of deuterium, a stable, non-radioactive isotope) to evaluate total body water, and from this determine the free mass of fat and fat mass. Obesity, as excess body fat, cannot be detected by the body mass index (BMI), since it has low sensitivity to do so in childhood. Similar BMI values in high-altitude schoolchildren may contain different values of fat mass index (FMI) and fat-free mass index (FMI). The interpretation of the clinical significance of the fat mass and fat-free mass indices, in terms of normalization of kg for height in schoolchildren, is of utmost importance for pediatric health and nutrition evaluation and the future prediction of chronic diseases. transmissible in a high altitude context.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Gran altitud]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[obesidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[índice de masa grasa]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[índice de masa libre de grasa]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[escolares]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[High altitude]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[obesity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[fat mass index]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[fat-free mass index]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[schoolchildren]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[San Miguel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Spielvogel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Berger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Araoz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lujan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tellez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Caceres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gachon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Coudert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beaufrere]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Effect of high altitude on protein metabolism in Bolivian children]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guyton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JE]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Tratado de fisiología médica]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernandez-Tresguerres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Fisiologíahumana]]></source>
<year></year>
<edition>4</edition>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reilly]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kelly]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wilson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DC]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Accuracy of simple clinical and epidemiological definition of childhood obesity: systematic review and evidence appraisal]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kuczmarski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ogden]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grummer-Strawn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[CDC growth charts: United States]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bellizzi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dietz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WH]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Workshop on childhood obesity: summary of the discussion]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Da Veiga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GV]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[dos Anjos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[A comparison of distribution curves of body mas index from Brazil and the United States for assessing overweight and obesity in Brazilian adolescents]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ogden]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fryar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carroll]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MD]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Mean wheight, height, and body mass index United States 1960- 2002]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Javed]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jumean]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Murad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Okorodudu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kumar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Somers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[VK]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Diagnostic performance of body mass index to identify obesity as defined by body adiposity in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[San Miguel Simbrón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JL]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Jornadas científicas de ciencia nuclear y fisiología de altura. Introducción a la ciencia nuclear y fisiología de altura: visión global de resultados]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cuadernos]]></source>
<year></year>
<volume>60</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>96-106</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Organización Panamericana de la Salud</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Informe de la reunión de expertos sobre el uso de los patrones internacionales de crecimiento infantil en poblaciones Alto-Andinas]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Venltallie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MU]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heymsfield]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Funk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boileau]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Height-normalized indices of the body´s fat- free mass and fat mass: potentially useful indicators of nutritional status]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J ClinNutr]]></source>
<year></year>
<numero>52</numero>
<issue>52</issue>
<page-range>953-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kurtoglu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mazicioglu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ozturk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Fat and fat free mass index reference percentiles of healthy turkish children and adolescent in Turkey]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Pediatr A]]></source>
<year></year>
<volume>1</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1-15</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martinez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JI]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dipierri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bejarano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quispe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Alfaro E. Variación de la masa corporal grasaporantropometría y bioimpedancia en escolaresjujeños]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hills]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Davidsson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Stable isotope methods to develop and monitor nutrition interventions]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[CurrNutr Food Sci]]></source>
<year></year>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>289-93</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wells]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fewtrell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Measuring body composition]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hruschka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hadley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[How much do universal anthropometric standards bias the global monitoring of obesity and undernutrition]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Byrne]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kagawa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Poh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ismail]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MN]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ethnic differences in the relationship between body mass index and percentage body fat among Asian children from different backgrounds]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Br J Nutr]]></source>
<year></year>
<numero>106</numero>
<issue>106</issue>
<page-range>1390-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[San Miguel Simbrón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JL]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Jornadas científicas de ciencia nuclear y fisiología de altura. Introducción a la ciencia nuclear y fisiología de altura: visión global de resultados]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cuadernos]]></source>
<year></year>
<volume>60</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>96-106</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[San Miguel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JL]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Principio y práctica de la ciencia nuclear en salud: Evaluación del agua corporal total y la composición corporal, en población residente de gran altitud, La Paz, Bolivia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cuadernos]]></source>
<year></year>
<volume>59</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>75-80</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cole]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Freeman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JV]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Preece]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Body mass index reference curves for the UK]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Arch Dis Child]]></source>
<year></year>
<numero>73</numero>
<issue>73</issue>
<page-range>25-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
