<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2308-3859</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Journal of the Selva Andina Biosphere]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[J. Selva Andina Biosph.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2308-3859</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Journal of the Selva Andina Biosphere.Fundación Selva Andina Research Society. Departamento de Enseñanza e Investigación en Bioquímica & Microbiología.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2308-38592023000100047</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36610/j.jsab.2023.110100044</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Utilización de plaguicidas por agricultores en Puerto La Boca, Manabí. Una reflexión sobre sus posibles consecuencias]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Pesticide use by farmers in Puerto La Boca, Manabí. A reflection on its possible consequences]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gabriel Ortega]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Julio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ávila Demera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jonathan]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ayón Villao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fernando]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morán Morán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jessica]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Álvarez Plúa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Agustín]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Flores Ramírez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Heidi]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Estatal del Sur de Manabí (UNESUM) Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y de la Agricultura ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Jipijapa Manabí]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Profesional independiente  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Manabí ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>47</fpage>
<lpage>65</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.bo/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2308-38592023000100047&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.bo/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2308-38592023000100047&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.bo/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2308-38592023000100047&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Con el objetivo de realizar una reflexión sobre las posibles consecuencias por el uso de plaguicidas por los agricultores de Puerto La Boca, se implementó una investigación, se preparó una encuesta con 35 preguntas cerradas que fueron aplicados a 155 personas (31 familias). El experimento fue implementado en un diseño experimental completamente aleatorio en arreglo factorial con 2 factores, factor A: plaguicida y/o productos orgánicos y factor B: Dosis. Los resultados expresaron que los ingredientes activos para los fungicidas líquidos más usados fueron el Cymoxanil + Clorotalonil, para el control de los Oomycetes como Pseudoperonospora cubensis, y Phytophthora infestans causantes de los mildius en Cucurbitáceas y Solanáceas respectivamente. Los insecticidas como el Imidacloprid y Methomyl, fueron los más utilizados para controlar el pulgón (Myzus persicae), lorito verde (Empoasca sp.), minador de hojas (Liriomyza trifolii), trips (Trips tabaci) y negrita (Prodiplosis longifilia). Los microorganismos más utilizados fueron Trichoderma sp. y Bacillus thuringiensis, para el control de insectos-plaga como la polilla (Diaphania sp.) y las enfermedades como Fusarium sp. y Rhizoctonia solani, en cultivos de melón, sandía, pepino, cebolla, pimiento y tomate. Se determinó que los agricultores de Puerto La Boca sub-dosifican y/o sobre-dosifican los fungicidas e insecticidas sólidos y líquidos en las aplicaciones que realizan. Lo agricultores necesitan fortalecer sus conocimientos sobre el uso y manejo de los plaguicidas.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract In order to reflect on the possible consequences of the use of pesticides by the farmers of Puerto La Boca, an investigation was implemented, a survey was prepared with 35 closed questions that were applied to 155 people (31 families). The experiment was implemented in a completely randomized experimental design in factorial arrangement with 2 factors, factor A: pesticide and/or organic products and factor B: Dosage. The results showed that the active ingredients for the most used liquid fungicides were Cymoxanil + Chlorothalonil, for the control of Oomycetes such as Pseudoperonospora cubensis, and Phytophthora infestans causing mildew in Cucurbitaceae and Solanaceae, respectively. Insecticides such as Imidacloprid and Methomyl were the most used to control aphids (Myzus persicae), green parrot (Empoasca sp.), leaf miner (Liriomyza trifolii), Thrips (Trips tabaci) and black lorikeets (Prodiplosis longifilia). The most used microorganisms were Trichoderma sp. and Bacillus thuringiensis, for the control of insect pests such as the moth (Diaphania sp.) and diseases such as Fusarium sp. And Rhizoctonia solani, in melon, watermelon, cucumber, onion, bell pepper and tomato crops. It was determined that farmers in Puerto La Boca under- and/or over-dosed solid and liquid fungicides and insecticides in their applications. Farmers need to strengthen their knowledge of pesticide use and management.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Plagas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[enfermedades]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[contaminación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[salud]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[síntomas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[dosificación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cultivos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Pests]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[diseases]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[contamination]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[health]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[symptoms]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[dosage]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[crops]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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