<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2077-3323</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Ciencia y Cultura]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev Cien Cult]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2077-3323</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Católica Boliviana]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2077-33232025000200013</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35319/rcyc.2025551387</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Voces y rumbos: la travesía democrática en Bolivia]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Voices and Paths: The Democratic Journey in Bolivia]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salazar del Barrio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan Carlos]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Católica Boliviana  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Bolivia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>29</volume>
<numero>55</numero>
<fpage>13</fpage>
<lpage>22</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.bo/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2077-33232025000200013&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.bo/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2077-33232025000200013&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.bo/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2077-33232025000200013&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN En el artículo se describe la historia doblemente centenaria de Bolivia, desde la guerra de la independencia hasta su fundación, pasando por las dos guerras internacionales que sostuvo el país, la primera en el siglo XIX (Guerra del Pacífico) y la segunda en el XX (Guerra del Chaco). Este último conflicto provocó el surgimiento de la Bolivia moderna, caracterizada fundamentalmente por la Revolución Nacional producida en 1952 y la posterior alternancia de gobiernos civiles y militares. A partir de 1982 se establece definitivamente la democracia. El autor destaca el papel fundamental que tiene el periodismo en este largo proceso de afirmación institucional del país, desde el rol más político-partidario que tuvo en el siglo XIX hasta la consolidación de una prensa libre moderna, que actuó incluso en épocas dictatoriales. Finalmente, se llama la atención sobre el problema actual de la desinformación y manipulación en el mundo hiperconectado del siglo XXI**.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT The article describes Bolivia&#8217;s double-centennial history, from the War of Independence to its founding, including the two international wars the country fought-the first in the 19th century (War of the Pacific) and the second in the 20th century (Chaco War). This latter conflict led to the emergence of modern Bolivia, fundamentally characterized by the 1952 National Revolution and the subsequent alternation between civilian and military governments. From 1982 onward, democracy was definitively established. The author highlights the fundamental role journalism has played in this long process of institutional affirmation of the country, from its more political- partisan role in the 19th century to the consolidation of a modern free press that even operated during dictatorial times. Finally, attention is drawn to the current problem of misinformation and manipulation in the hyperconnected world of the 21st century.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Bolivia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[historia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[democracia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[periodismo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Bolivia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[history]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[democracy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[journalism]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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</article>
