Resumo

VERA JARA, Carlos Alejandro; ZAMBRANO PAREDES, Dave Jackson; NARANJO VELASCO, Sara Joyce  e  GARCIA DELGADO, Hillary Raquel. Current strategies in pain control and local and general anesthesia techniques: A systematic review. Vive Rev. Salud [online]. 2025, vol.8, n.23, pp.897-913.  Epub 01-Maio-2025. ISSN 2664-3243.  https://doi.org/10.33996/revistavive.v8i23.420.

Perioperative pain management is a fundamental aspect of contemporary anesthetic practice. The evolution of new anesthetic techniques and pain‑control strategies requires a systematic evaluation of the available scientific evidence. Objective: To systematically analyze the scientific evidence on current strategies for pain control and local and general anesthesia techniques published between 2019 and 2024, following the PRISMA methodology. Methods: A systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Searches were performed in PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase and Web of Science. Randomized clinical trials, observational studies and systematic reviews that evaluated anesthetic techniques in adult patients were included. Study selection and data extraction were carried out by two independent reviewers. Results: A total of 3,247 records were initially identified. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 15 main studies that met all methodological requirements were selected. The analyzed studies included 2,847 patients from eight different countries. Five main categories of interventions were identified: peripheral nerve blocks, neuraxial anesthesia, local/topical anesthesia, opioid‑free techniques and multimodal analgesia. Peripheral nerve blocks were the most frequently studied technique (eight studies), followed by neuraxial anesthesia (six studies) and multimodal analgesia (ten studies). Conclusions: The evidence reviewed supports the superior effectiveness of regional anesthesia techniques and multimodal analgesia strategies for perioperative pain control. Peripheral nerve blocks and neuraxial anesthesia demonstrated consistent advantages over conventional general anesthesia in terms of pain relief and reduction of adverse effects.

Palavras-chave : Regional anesthesia; Pain control; Multimodal analgesia; Nerve block.

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