Resumo

BRAVO, Mariuxi Zoraida Apolo. Rifampicin-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis in the province of Oro-Ecuador. Vive Rev. Salud [online]. 2024, vol.7, n.19, pp.63-72.  Epub 15-Jan-2024. ISSN 2664-3243.  https://doi.org/10.33996/revistavive.v7i19.283.

Introduction. Tuberculosis is one of the oldest and most common infectious diseases, caused by a rod-shaped bacterium, or bacillus, called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This disease is treatable with antibiotics, which are prescribed for months due to the slow growth rate of the bacteria. Among the drugs used, Rifampicin is used therapeutically to combat this disease, however, some patients may present or develop resistance to this antibiotic, therefore, it is important to complete the treatment to avoid the development of drug-resistant bacteria and the reoccurrence of the disease. Objective. To characterize the Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistant to Rifampicin in the province of El Oro. Materials and methods. A quantitative, descriptive and non-experimental study was carried out. The sample was obtained from the database of the clinical laboratory of the mycobacteria area of the Teófilo Dávila Hospital in the period 2019 - 2022, who after applying the rapid molecular test GeneXpert MTB/RIF or ULTRA determined that 48 patients presented resistance to Rifampicin in the treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Results. The laboratory report showed that in the year 2022 the highest number of cases of resistance to Rifampicin for the treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was established, reaching 33.3%; the age group most affected was young adults (20 to 49 years) with 52.1%, and with a high frequency of 66.7% in the male sex. The most prevalent comorbidity was in patients diagnosed with Diabetes Mellitus type 2 with 27.1% and the condition of admission of patients with resistance to Rifampicin, are new cases with 75%. Conclusions. In the province of El Oro, between 2019 - 2022 there were 48 cases resistant to the antibiotic Rifampicin in the treatment of TB, among them 75% correspond to an initial resistance, that is, patients who were not treated against the disease, the other 25% encompasses those patients who relapsed in the disease, failure or loss of follow-up by the surveillance laboratory, mycobacteria area of the Teófilo Dávila Hospital.

Palavras-chave : Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Rifampicin; Antibiotics.

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