Resumen

HIDALGO MORALES, Kattyta Patricia; TISALEMA PANIMBOZA, Evelina Liliana; FREIRE ROBALINO, Jorge Patricio  y  JACOME CRUZ, Manuel Patricio. Overweight and obesity in adolescents. Vive Rev. Salud [online]. 2022, vol.5, n.14, pp.619-625.  Epub 30-Ago-2022. ISSN 2664-3243.  https://doi.org/10.33996/revistavive.v5i14.174.

Overweight and obesity in adolescents has become a serious public health problem, affecting both industrialized and developing countries. This alters health with excesses in adipose tissue, analyzed with the Body Mass Index, which is an anthropometric indicator of great value. Objective. To analyze the contributions of research on overweight and obesity in adolescents with its repercussions. Methodology. A bibliographic review was carried out, collecting original articles from indexed journals and found in scientific databases such as Scopus, Scielo, and Google Scholar. Results. The prevalence in adolescents increases progressively and if it is not corrected, it will be present in adults, increasing the risks of suffering pathologies such as hypertension, cardiovascular alterations and diabetes, altering life expectancy and quality of life. Conclusion. The causal factors are poor nutrition of both adolescents and their parents; socioeconomic level, educational level, decreased physical activity together with excessive hours of television and use of technology. Accompanied by genetic factors. In adolescents, the problem of overweight and obesity can be related to emotional alterations, causing low self-esteem, depression and anxiety. For its treatment, dietary intervention is necessary in order to change behaviors, increasing physical activity and avoiding sedentary lifestyles. The use of pharmacological and surgical treatments is also valid, especially as an alternative for those who have not been able to change healthy eating habits, avoiding mortality.

Palabras clave : Overweight; Obesity; Adolescents.

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