Resumen

ADUVIRE, Osvaldo. Alternativas potenciales del Biotratamiento de aguas acidas en el cierre de operaciones mineras: Aerobio o Anaeborio. REV. MAMYM [online]. 2025, vol.10, n.2, pp.3-10. ISSN 2519-5352.

ABSTRACT Once mining facilities reach the end of their productive cycle, it becomes difficult to maintain the treatment of acid waters using conventional methods (with the addition of alkaline substances and energy consumption) due to the high treatment costs. Therefore, there is a need to seek remediation of these waters through the use of clean and low-cost technologies that include plants and microorganisms (emerging technologies), in order to reduce or eliminate the risk of environmental contamination of the surrounding physical environment. The drainage generated in abandoned mining facilities or at the end of a mine's operational life can constitute significant sources of contamination and cause a series of environmental impacts, such as changes in the quality of surface and groundwater, disturbance of aquatic habitats and ecosystems, among others. This work describes the operating principles of aerobic and anaerobic wetlands and the methodology for sizing a passive treatment system using wetlands. This technology provides opportunities to immobilize metals in non-bioavailable forms using devices designed for this purpose, and to convert toxic metal ions into more benign and stable chemical forms. The most critical parameters for the design and sizing of passive treatment systems will also be identified in greater detail, including water characteristics, area or surface, system geometry, cell depth, hydraulic retention time, and substrate composition. To achieve effective operation of the treatment system, a combination of different treatment units is typically used, arranged sequentially and including pre-treatment, treatment, and post-treatment stages.

Palabras clave : Passive treatment; acid waters; biotreatment; aerobic; anaerobic.

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