Resumen

ZAMORA E, Gerardo; GUTIERREZ, Jorge; NINAVIA COLQUE, Riorvi Brandon  y  FERNANDEZ VENTURA, Sergio Favian. Propuesta técnica, económica y ambiental para la producción de precursores catódicos de baterías ion litio del tipo LiFePO4 (PLF) en Oruro con materias primas Bolivianas. REV. MAMYM [online]. 2025, vol.10, n.1, pp.3-13. ISSN 2519-5352.

ABSTRACT In Bolivia, lithium is the cathodic precursor found in the Uyuni and Coipasa salt flats. In Potosí, efforts have been made to produce lithium-manganese oxide (LMO) and Nickel-Manganese-Cobalt (NMC) batteries at the YLB pilot plant; however, scaling up to an industrial level will face the major challenge of a lack of mineral reserves of these precursors, which will need to be imported. The LFP battery (Lithium Ferrum Phosphate, or LiFeP04) is a variant of the conventional lithium battery in which lithium carbonate, phosphoric acid, and heptahydrated ferrous sulfate salts are the main precursors for the manufacture of the cathode material. These, moreover, can be obtained through metallurgical processing of raw materials found in Bolivia. This research focuses on the technical, economic, and environmental study for the production of LFP battery cathodic precursors in Oruro, based on raw materials available in Bolivia. Based on the geochemical characterization of the brines from the Coipasa salt flat, a sustainable method for producing LÍ2CO3 through the direct lithium extraction process has been proposed. Additionally, from the characterization of phosphate rock samples from Cochabamba, phosphoric acid (H3PO4) production is considered through acid leaching and evaporation-crystallization processes. Finally, from the characterization of sponge iron samples-obtained through the carbothermic reduction of Mutún concentrates, in part and without transforming them into steel-by adding sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide, a FeSO4 solution with minimal impurities can be obtained. This solution can then be crystallized via the evaporation method, producing high-quality heptahydrated ferrous sulfate as a precursor for lithium-ion battery production, thereby creating greater added value.

Palabras clave : Cathodic precursors; Lithium Carbonate (DLE); Phosphoric Acid Capinota; Sponge Iron Mutún.

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