Resumo

Aplicación de tratamientos pasivos en la remediación de efluentes de labores mineras abandonadas ubicadas a elevadas altitudes. REV. MAMYM [online]. 2023, vol.8, n.2, pp.13-20. ISSN 2519-5352.

Abstract A number of abandoned mining structures and facilities, also known as mining environmental liabilities (PAM), are located in areas of old mine workings and are currently sources of contamination, mainly due to the mobilization of metallic cargo in their acidic drainage produced by the oxidation of sulfides. These have a negative impact on the soil, water and surrounding flora. Drainage generated in these abandoned mining facilities can generate a series of environmental alterations, mainly in the quality of surface and groundwater. This problem is even more acute when these facilities are located at altitudes above 4000 meters, especially if they are recharge areas in the upper part of the river basins. To reverse this problem, it is essential to develop methodologies to remediate these drains using low reagent and energy consumption techniques such as passive treatment systems. Peru currently has legislation for the closure of mining environmental liabilities and an inventory of more than 8,000 PAM made up of tailings dams, tailings deposits, mine waste dumps, remains of processing facilities and others, which have been generated by former mining operations and whose remediation is currently the responsibility of the state. This work presents a methodology to carry out an adequate characterization of these drainages, which allows choosing the most appropriate passive treatment system to remediate the acid drainages of two abandoned subway workings located in the Central Highlands of the country. For the sizing of the passive treatment system, the flow and the geochemical characterization of the drainage are mainly taken into account in terms of proton acidity due to pH and mineral acidity due to the metallic load present in the drainage, in addition to the current regulatory requirements, such as the Environmental Quality Standards (EQS) and the Maximum Permissible Limits (MPL) required by the mining-environmental legislation in the case of Peru.

Palavras-chave : Water quality; effluent treatment; environmental protection; mining environmental liabilities.

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