Resumen

ONOFRE QUENTA, Ximena Monica  y  BONIFACIO FLORES, Alejandro. Evaluation of the phenological and agronomic characteristics of the wild quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa spp.) from the bolivian altiplano. RIIARn [online]. 2021, vol.8, n.3, pp.7-20. ISSN 2409-1618.  https://doi.org/10.53287/ocjv1418fh24q.

The study was carried out in the greenhouse of the Kiphakiphani Research Center belonging to PROINPA Foundation, the objective was to evaluate the phenological and agronomic characteristics of wild quinoa (Chenopodium spp.), To generate useful information for genetic improvement of quinoa and for management options of wild relatives. The genetic material consisted of botanical varieties and wild species of quinoa. In this genetic material the number of days passed to different phenological phases, growth habit, plant height, stem diameter, panicle length, weight of grain from seed shattering, harvest index, seed diameter and thickness, volumetric seed weight and seed viability were evaluated. The randomized blocks experimental design with four repetitions was used. The results showed differences between varieties. In seedling emergency phase, V2 (Escape 06-28-18 Orinoca) emerged in fewer days (5.35 days). V2 (Escape 06-28-18 Orinoca) had fewer days (33.45 days) for ramification. Earliest flowering had V4 (Ajara 36 Tarachullpa Orinoca 2018) with 70.15 days after sowing (DAS); and V4 (Ajara 36 Tarachullpa Orinoca 2018) reached physiological maturity to 136.35 DAS, being the earliest one. V1 (Chenopodium spp.) exhibited regrowth in 30.6 days after harvest, showing that it had a multiannual cycle or perennial. In plant height, V1 (Chenopodium spp.) had the highest height with 67.05 cm. The largest stem diameter was recorded in V0 (Jacha Grano) with 0.47 cm. The V5 (Ajara 12 Lloco purple) had the longest panicle length (19.60 cm). Regarding the grain weight from shattering, V1 had a higher dehiscence with 0.15 g per plant. For the harvest index (HI), V7 (Ajara Tarachullpa verde 2018) and V9 (Ajara Ayamaya 2) were the ones with the highest HI of 0.42. V0 (Jacha Grano) had grains with larger diameter (2.21 mm). The largest grain thickness was recorded in V0 (Jacha Grano) with 1.01 mm. The highest volumetric weight was for V4 (Ajara 36 Tarachullpa Orinoca 2018) with 75.16 kg Hl-1. The highest germination rate (100 %) was registered for V8 (Ajara Ayamaya 1), V9 (Ajara Ayamaya 2) and V0 (Jacha Grano) and were higher than those of improved quinoa varieties. In conclusion, wild quinoa or ajara has phenological characteristics and agronomic crops of wide diversity offering options of use in the management of wild quinoa and in Genetic improvement for the earliness and perennial growth of quinoa.

Palabras clave : Wild quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa spp.); phenological stages; regrowth of wild quinoa.

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