Resumen

TORREZ SORIA, Edwin  y  SOLIZ FLORES, Hugo Luis. Optimization of irrigated areas base on hydrology stochastics and hydroponic systems in the community Centro Rivera, Desaguadero river, Altiplano central. RIIARn [online]. 2015, vol.2, n.1, pp.26-34. ISSN 2409-1618.

ABSTRACT Hydrological, climatic and ecological conditions observed in the study area, located on the shores of Desaguadero river, show low productive capacity. Among the limiting factors we can point out the minimum and maximum temperatures for long periods, which are directly related to frequent frost nights, lack of water for several months, high rate of evapotranspiration, limited amount of nutrients and organic matter soils and poor quality of surface water and groundwater. Using a stochastic modeling software and application of methodologies, two future scenarios were compared; the periods were 2011-2030 and 2046-2065. Throughout these periods, the minimum and maximum average temperatures increase around 2 °C related to the base period. For piezometric analysis, the levels of groundwater in the agricultural area and according to the location, it was seen that regions close to the river and irrigation canals there is no considerable variations in the water table, but the variation is getting more and more if the piezometer is far away from these. Chemical analysis of water indicate that SAR is high, which indicates high sodium content; that led to classify them as unfit for use in irrigation. The results obtained of ABRO indicated that in future scenarios there will be a decrease of 8-14 hectares of agricultural area in relation to the baseline scenario. Based on the obtained results, it was set a production alternative forsemi-arid areas, the hydroponicforage (FVH for its acronyms in Spanish). The Hydroponic forage compared to traditional systems allows saving around 50% of water in a system where 5 kg of seeds m-² was used, with trays of 0,50 x 1 m, in two shelves of four rows with a total production capacity of 96 trays. This system intended to produce up to 50 kg per day of green fodder in a total area of 48 m². Underthis system of production during a year, there is a production around 18250 kg of fresh forage, compared with alfalfa production of 2 hectares in a open field which has 5880 kg ha-1 yield of in just two cuts. Therefore, the production of hydroponic forage is equivalent to 6 hectares in the open field. Under these criteria, it was set the optimization of irrigated areas, efficient water use for production, and also reuse of saline water in hydroponic systems, those are excellent opportunities for these arid areas.

Palabras clave : Stochastic hydrology; Hydroponic forage; Salinity; Electrical conductivity; SAR.

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