Abstract

CANEDO, Claudia  and  GARCIA, Magali.   Evaluation of the water requirements of producing zones of Quinoa under conditions of climate change  . RIIARn [online]. 2015, vol.2, n.1, pp.13-25. ISSN 2409-1618.

ABSTRACT The objective of this research was to analyze the relationship between the probability of precipitation and déficit irrigation requirements of quinoa projected to future climate change conditions in the Bolivian Altiplano. This research includes three main parts, the analysis of the frequency of rainfall in the highlands, the projection of future conditions obtained by downscaling (downscaling) statistic of a general circulation model (GCM) and Water requirement analysis for quinoa with déficit irrigation. These three issues allow identifying adaptation actions of quinoa crop under possible impacts of climate change.. The precipitation frequency analysis over the Bolivian altiplano was developed following the methodology of regional frequency analysis based on L-moments proposed by Hosking and Wallis (1997). The annual precipitations for a dry year (25% probability of non-exceedance of the annual precipitations (WFP)), Normal (50%) and humid (75%) year were defined for each identified region in the Altiplano from two homogeneity criteria, which are the LDCs and seasonal index of precipitations. Subsequently the analysis of temperature and precipitation projections was performed of four localities of the central Altiplano (Patacamaya and Oruro) and Southern Altiplano (Rio Mulatos and Uyuni), through a statistical downscaling under the General Circulation Model boundaries ECHAM5.0 with the conditions defined by the IPCC (2007) for the A2 scenario. Finally, the water requirement for quinoa crop was found for the present and projected conditions for the decades 2020-2029 and 2046-2055 comparing the obtained yield production with rainfed and déficit irrigation. The results showthat he precipitation differences among northern, central and southern Altiplano were identified. For a probability of not exceeding 50% (normal year) over northern and central Altiplano is between 404 and 800 mm/year, in the southern highlands between 156-400 mm/year. This shows the aridity characteristic of the southern Altiplano. The minimum and maximum temperature will increase from 2 to 3 ° C over the four locations. Precipitations changes are smaller; the projected precipitation for the decade 2020-2029 will decrease between 1 and 4% and for the decade 2046 to 2055 annual precipitation will decrease between 1 to 8%. The results with déficit irrigation applied on quinoa crop showed an increase overquinoa's yield.

Keywords : Quinoa; Water requirement; Downscaling; LARS.

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