Resumo

GUTIERREZ, DIEGO  e  VASQUEZ, ANETH. La tuberculosis infantil: enfoque epidemiologico y nuevas alternativas de diagnóstico. Rev.Cs.Farm. y Bioq [online]. 2014, vol.2, n.1, pp.93-100. ISSN 2310-0265.

Abstract Tuberculosis (TB) in children has been neglected in recent times and has become an emergency mainly due to the associa-tion of the disease with the Human Immu-nodeficiency Virus (HIV) and the increase of cases of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (TB - MDR). The World Health Organiza-tion (WHO) in 2012 report reveals thatthere 490,000 cases equivalent to 6% of total inci-dent cases. Most global burden reported in Asia and Africa (10-20%). 9300 cases are in the Region of the Americas, more than half of these cases reported in South America. In 2012 Bolivia management reported 199 cases in children aged 0-14 years old, an inci-dence rate of 10.3 per 100,000 population, considering Bolivia, the second country with the highest incidence rate in the Americas. The department of La Paz notify 61 cases of childhood TB, the more affected the male sex (59%) and females (41%), 61% of the cases its epicenter Caranavi municipalities, La Paz and El Alto with (61%) of all cases. The diagnosis of childhood TB is dif-ficult, have a low incidence of clinical, ra-diological and bacteriological contactthe epidemiological history, is extremely im-portant, the most infectious TB patients are those with smear positive pulmonary in-volvement. The etiological bacteriological confirmation is achieved in pediatric popu-lation less than 40% of cases. Microscopic Observation Trial of Anti-Tuberculosis Drug Susceptibility (MODS) is an easy, economi-cal and transferable for the isolation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), offering a step forward in the ability to diagnose TB disease in children.

Palavras-chave : Childhood tuberculosis; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; epidemiology tuberculosis; MODS.

        · resumo em Espanhol     · texto em Espanhol     · Espanhol ( pdf )