Abstract

GONZALEZ-VALDIVIA, Noel Antonio et al. Estimation of dry cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) flour yield in a ferric luvisol from Campeche, Mexico. J. Selva Andina Biosph. [online]. 2023, vol.11, n.1, pp.76-83.  Epub May 01, 2023. ISSN 2308-3867.  https://doi.org/10.36610/j.jsab.2023.110100073.

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz.) is a plant native to the Amazon, which has spread as an economically important crop to other tropical regions. In Mexico it is grown in different regions, especially in the southeast of the country, where the root and, to a lesser extent, the foliage, is consumed by the population. In the state of Campeche there is a wide variety of cultivars or varieties, although food consumption is relatively low. It remains a potentially relevant species for agrifood security in the face of climate change. In order to expand the information on the productive yield of cassava, fresh roots were harvested and weighed, as well as the dry flour obtained from 16 accessions from the germplasm bank of the Instituto Tecnológico de Chiná, in Campeche, which had been established in an area with soil identified as ferric luvisol or k`an kab in the Mayan classification. Non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance and Mann-Whitney rank test were performed to categorize yields. There are statistical differences among the different germplasms. The accessions yielded between 0.13 and 5.87 kg/plant, with a mean of 2.59 kg/plant, representing root biomass yields between 1.3 and 58.7 t/ha, and an average of 25.9 t/ha, in planting frames of 1 plant/m2 (10000 plants/ha). The dry meal obtained from these ranged from 0.1 to 6.4 t/ha. This may constitute a preliminary evidence that the germplasm collected in the bank is composed of phenotypes or even potential varieties, which respond differently, and some even outstandingly, to the environment, making possible subsequent processes of selection and inclusion of the best cultivars in local production systems.

Keywords : Adaptation; germplasm; Mesoamerica; productivity; roots; tropical crops.

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