Resumen

PACO-PEREZ, Víctor*  y  GUZMAN-VEGA, Gunnar-David. Effect of organic amendments on the microbial populations of the rhizosphere of quinoa cultivation (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) in the South Altiplano of Bolivia. J. Selva Andina Biosph. [online]. 2019, vol.7, n.1, pp.32-43. ISSN 2308-3859.

Abstract The microbial populations in the rhizosphere need MO as the exudates of the plants for their development. The soils of the Andean región of Bolivia are characterized by low levéis of OM (<1.5%). For this reason, the incorporation of EO into the soil is important, which will favor the relationship between microorganism-plant. At the time of sowing, 430 kg/ha of camelid manure, humic extract and humita 15 was applied to the soil, 40 L/ha was used. Samples of rhizospheric soil were collected from the quinoa plant in the months of October, January and April and were processed by serial method to evalúate the total microbial population, quantify actinomycetes, bacteria and fungi and compare their behavior. The total population showed significant statistical differences (P<0.05) in the four treatments, where the month January is between 3.73 to 3.54x10⁶, April of 3.70 to 3.53x10⁶ and October of 3.40 to 3.39x10⁶ CFU/g of rhizospheric soil. The three microbial groups showed a greater population in treatment applied with camelid manure in the months of January and April, where the bacteria are between 1.44 to 1.43x10⁶, actinomycetes from 1.23 to 1.20x10⁵ and fungi from 1.07 to 1.06x10⁴ CFU/g rhizospheric soil; the humic extract and humita 15 have intermedíate populations and the soil without application with EO showed reduced population in the three months. The different microbial groups showed similarity in the increase of populations in the three months, but the bacteria was the one that was expressed with greater number, followed by actinomycetes and finally the fungi. According to the type of EO and the phenological status of the quinoa, there is evidence that there are favorable effects in the increase of the microbial population, it facilitates the habitat in the rhizosphere of the root and its variation is given according to the characteristics of the soil and its moisture content, pH and temperature.

Palabras clave : Manure; humic extract; quinoa; rhizosphere; microbial.

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