Resumen

ROQUE-SIGUAS, Oscar Juan*. Thermal requirement of the phenological phases of two varieties of amaranth (Amaranthus caudatus L,): early and late in Ayacucho. J. Selva Andina Biosph. [online]. 2019, vol.7, n.1, pp.18-31. ISSN 2308-3859.

Abstract In research on Andean crops, it is currently important to take into account the global warming that is affecting our tropical Andes, so we set ourselves the main objective: Determinar the thermal requirement of the phenological phases of two varieties of amaranth: Oscar Blanco variety ("Precocious"), and the Centenario variety ("late") in Ayacucho. The genetic material was provided by the National Institute of Agradan Innovation INIA-Ayacucho; Seven distinct phenological phases were considered for this crop. The work was carried out in an open field in a land adjacent to the Meteorological Station owned by the National University of San Cristóbal de Huamanga whose geographic coordinates are: 13 ° 08' Latitud Sur; 74 ° 13' Longitude West and Altitude 2772 m.s.n.m. In the present investigation the Design of Complete Blocks at Chance (DBCA) was used with two varieties and five times (dates) of sowing. When applying the ANVA, the results were that there is no significant difference in the thermal or thermal constant requirement between the five different sowing seasons within varieties; but if statistical significance of the thermal requirement was found between the early and late varieties with a coefficient of variability equal to 3.49%. The application of the Tukey Test/p=0.05) confirms that, for the different phenological phases, except for emergencies, there is no significant difference in the thermal requirement, but there is a significant mean difference between the varieties under study.The Oscar Blanco variety is the genotype with the lowest average thermal requirement to complete its vegetative eyele (from emergence to physiological maturation) with 1335.4 °C, while the centenary requires 1438.0 °C. For the performance character Oscar Blanco presents a higher average yield of 2833.3 t. ha^-1, while Centenario had an average yield of 2274.41. ha^-1, with respect to the number of days required (calendar time) from emergeney to physiological maturity. Oscar Blanco reports a range of precocity comprised between 124 to 134 days; and, Centenario is late, requiring a range between 135 to 145 days in the thermal conditions of Ayacucho.

Palabras clave : Thermal requirement; phenological phases; amaranth; Oscar Blanco; Centennial.

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