Resumen

GUERRA-MONRROY, Gabriela  y  SOSA-TORDOYA, Luis Fernando. Association of the HLA-G locus genetic polymorphism and the susceptibility to contract systemic lupus erythematosus expressed in some clinical manifestations. J. Selva Andina Res. Soc. [online]. 2020, vol.11, n.2, pp.62-74. ISSN 2072-9294.

Autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are characterized by inflammation, as well as the progressive development of antibodies and T lymphocytes directed against self antigens. Although the etiology is still unknown, it is known that there is a strong genetic association between these diseases and some alleles and / or haplotypes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Individual susceptibility in autoimmunity may be determined by a combination of gene-specific polymorphisms that code for multiple proteins, cytokines, adhesion molecules, among others, and that is why it is important to study them. HLA-G is an MHC class I glycoprotein molecule, which performs very important functions when activating and regulating the immune system. Therefore, what this study intends is to determine the genetic association between the 14 bp polymorphism of the HLA-G gene with the susceptibility to contract SLE and the clinical manifestations of the disease. The study population consisted of 120 patients with SLE and 112 patients without the disease. For the study, human DNA was obtained from peripheral blood, PCR was performed for molecular typing of the genotypes and alleles that were revealed by means of electrophoresis. in agarose gel. At the same time, serological tests were carried out using the ELISA technique to determine the presence of double-chain anti-.DNA IgG antibodies. The PCR results showed that lupus patients have a higher frequency of expression of the Ins / Del genotype (OR = 1.72, p <0.05); while, the presence of the homozygous Ins / Ins genotype is more frequent in the control group (OR = 0.29, p <0.001), thus showing that the first genotype is a risk factor and the second, a protection factor to suffer SLE respectively. It was also observed that between patients and controls there is no significant difference in the frequency of presentation of the Del/Del genotype in homozygosity. Regarding allele frequencies, the deletion allele was found to be more frequent in the group of lupus patients, compared to the control group where both alleles presented the same percentage. Regarding the clinical manifestations, it was observed that the Ins/Del polymorphism (OR=8.64) is a risk factor for the development of dermatological manifestations.

Palabras clave : Systemic lupus erythematosus; HLA-G; polymorphism; autoimmunity; genetic association; major histocompatibility complex.

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