Abstract

AMARU CALZADA, Ariel et al. CHRONIC MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA IN A 2 YEAR-OLD BOY. CASE REPORT. Rev. Méd. La Paz [online]. 2016, vol.22, n.1, pp.55-58. ISSN 1726-8958.

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) accounts for 3% of all diagnosed pediatric leukemias. It has an incidence of 0.7 million per year, rarely diagnosed between the ages of 1 to 14 years, so few cases have been reported. The CML molecular pathogenesis involves a chimeric fusion of the BCR-ABL protein which increased constitutive tyrosine kinase activity contributed by ABL component seems to be the cause of the molecular alteration in CML. The identification of this chimeric protein resulted in the successful development of imatinib mesylate, a drug that has revolutionized the treatment of this disease. The use of imatinib in children has reached 90% of complete remission at 5 years, replacing in this way the allogeneic transplant as first-line therapy. This report presents the case of a 2 year old child whose CBC reported: moderate microcytic anemia (hemoglobin 11.7 g%), hyperleukocytosis (leukocytes 80.8 x10⁹/L) and thrombocytosis (721x10⁹/ L). Cytogenetic, FISH and RT-PCR Studies for BCR-ABL1 were positive, confirming the diagnosis of CML in chronic phase. Treatment with imatinib was initiated immediately and 3 years after diagnosis the patient is in complete molecular remission with the absence of neoplastic clone and without having presented significant side effects.

Keywords : Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia; child; imatinib.

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