Abstract

IBANEZ SOLANO, Dyler E.  and  ANGULO REYES, M. Rosalva. Assessment of the Genotoxic Risk of Surface Water and Irrigation Systems by Means of Ecotoxicological Studies Using Allium cepa Root Cells. RevActaNova. [online]. 2022, vol.10, n.4, pp.430-442.  Epub Nov 31, 2022. ISSN 1683-0789.

Little is known about the effect that pollutants present in surface water have on organisms and ecosystems. The use of Effects-Based Methods allows the assessment of the response of living organisms to effluents and surface waters of complex composition. The main aim was to determine the phytotoxic and genotoxic effects of surface water used for irrigation, using the protocol for genotoxic evaluation in water bodies with onion root cells. The bulbs were exposed to water samples from the Camacho River (RC), the Guadalquivir-CENAVIT- Calamuchita (GC) irrigation system and the Calamuchita Irrigation Canal (CC) during dry and rainy seasons. Significant genotoxic effects were observed in bulbs exposed to water samples from all sites, with slight differences between the rainy and dry seasons. In the dry season, the water from (GC) caused the highest percentage of micronuclei (MNC=9.5%) compared to the control (MNC=1.8%). It is hypothesized that the most significant contribution of wastewater from the treatment plant ponds in San Luis may be the cause. In the rainy season, the frequency of micronuclei of the (RC) was the highest (MNC=10.2%) compared to the control (MNC=1.5%). It can be affirmed that there is a genotoxic risk in all the evaluated sites. Positive inhibition values (hormesis) were obtained for the (RC) samples for the roots in the rainy season. In the dry season, the differences in growth were not statistically significant in any of the evaluated sites.

Keywords : Camacho River; Guadalquivir-CENAVIT-Calamuchita irrigation system; genotoxicity; micronuclei; genotoxic risk; Allium cepa.

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