Resumen

BOLANOS ANGULO, Andrea; AZERO A., Mauricio  y  MORALES, Eduardo A.. Evaluation of the influence of three species: tunal (Opuntia ficus-indica L.), chacatea (Dodonea viscous Jacq.) And molle (Schinus molle L.) on soil properties in a successional agroforestry system in Combuyo - Vinto. RevActaNova. [online]. 2014, vol.6, n.4, pp.523-524. ISSN 1683-0789.

41% of Bolivian soil is being degraded by erosion and desertification, with the departments of La Paz, Cochabamba, Chuquisaca, Potosí and Oruro most affected, especially in the arid and semiarid regions (CYTED, 2002). As an effect of: deforestation, overexploitation of ground and mismanagement of agricultural and forest soils generally intensified by climate change. You need to think in terms of agricultural systems that optimize nutrient cycling, allow permanent or semi-permanent production, reduce dependence on external inputs and reduce environmental impact. So agroforestry practices are given as a sustainable option of using the land, allowing the producer to use sources of resources available to optimize their use and adapt the plants under their needs. There are high-potential native species for food, firewood, nitrogen fixation, forage for food, which are for domestic use by families living in dry-lands. In this regard, an evaluation of the effect of three native species on soil fertility compared to a witness in an agroforestry system approach successional located in a semi-arid valley of Cochabamba, in the town of Combuyo - Vinto was performed. This land is located at slopes of the Cordillera Tunari and, before implementation, was freely accessible to cattle from local producers, presenting very eroded and extremely stony soils. The properties of the surface soil were measured at increasing distances radially from three species: for tunal (Opuntia ficus-indica L.) was measured at 0, 0.5 and 1 m of the ground, for chacatea (Dodonea viscosa Jacq.) and molle (Schinus molle L.) was measured at 0, 1 and 2 m. PH, organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, microbial respiration, temperature and soil moisture were analyzed. Through an analysis of variance of these parameters was determined that the species did not show significantly different averages based on the measured distances. On the other hand, through a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) it was found that the plants chacatea and molle had a positive impact or improved soil properties, the chacatea has a ratio of increased organic matter and pH, while the molle on moisture, soil respiration, nitrogen and phosphorus content. Unlike these, prickly pear plants, showed the lowest values in the parameters measured, but showing even values in a suitable range. Furthermore is noted that it has an obvious correlation between moisture and microbial respiration, pH and the content of OM.

Palabras clave : Soil degradation; arid and semi-arid areas; agroforestry; soil properties.

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