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Cuadernos Hospital de Clínicas
versão impressa ISSN 1562-6776
Resumo
ALFREDO, Párraga-Chirveches. Fundamental contributions regarding the role of adipose tissue in humans. Cuad. - Hosp. Clín. [online]. 2024, vol.65, n.1, pp.67-76. ISSN 1562-6776. https://doi.org/10.53287/fnnh2266qc47n.
Adipose tissue, a specialized type of connective tissue, serves various functions in the human body. Beyond being an energy reservoir, adipose tissue acts as thermal insulation and helps protect internal organs.
Recent discoveries have shed light on the multifunctional aspects of adipose tissue, including its role in energy storage, thermal regulation, maintenance of metabolic functions, organ protection, and immune response. Adipose tissue also secretes signaling molecules known as adipokines, which play a crucial role in immune regulation, hormonal balance, and cellular homeostasis. These factors influence processes such as angiogenesis, immune cell migration, and coagulation.
Currently, cellular therapy and regenerative medicine are rapidly advancing fields in biomedical research. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) derived from adipose tissue hold significant therapeutic potential for tissue regeneration and the treatment of various inflammatory conditions.
OBJECTIVE:
This review aims to summarize the functions of adipose tissue and explore its ultimate role in cellular therapy and regenerative medicine. Specifically, we focus on isolating MSCs from adipose tissue and their application in various cellular regeneration therapies.
METHODS:
We conducted a descriptive literature review by systematically analyzing articles from diverse databases. A total of 51 relevant articles published in both Spanish and English over recent years were selected.
RESULTS:
This literature review provides novel insights into adipose tissue, including its anatomy and physiology in humans. The diverse properties of MSCs enhance their therapeutic potential for tissue regeneration and inflammatory disease treatment. However, further research is needed to understand the mechanisms involved in tissue regeneration, optimal MSC isolation methods, and their clinical applications across surgical fields.
CONCLUSION:
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) offer significant therapeutic promise in Medicine due to their ability to differentiate into various cell types and modulate immune responses. Ongoing investigations span areas such as regenerative medicine, autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular conditions, and cancer. These studies pave the way for anatomopathological, and therapeutic advancements related to adipose tissue and its role in diseases.
Palavras-chave : Adipose tissue; cell therapy; regenerative medicine.
