Resumo

LOZA HERRERA, Susi; MENESES, Rosa. I.  e  ANTHELME, Fabien. Plant communities of high-Andean wetlands of the Cordillera Real (Bolivia) in the face of global warming. Ecología en Bolivia [online]. 2015, vol.50, n.1, pp.39-56. ISSN 1605-2528.

High-Andean wetlands (bofedales) are one of the most threatened ecosystems in the face of global warming. Given the close relationship between bofedales and water, it is expected that glacial retreat will cause their gradual shrinkage. With three proxies of climate change (bofedal area, glacier influence and elevation) we inferred how these changes may affect plant communities. The hypotheses were 1) that loss in the area of bofedales should reduce plant diversity - the glacier influence and elevation could affect this relationship through effect on environmental heterogeneity and diversity - and 2) glacial retreat may indirectly affect diversity through changes in dominant species. We measured α and β additive diversity of plants in 20 bofedales (>4.400 m) in the Cordillera Real (Bolivia). Sixty three species were found (species richness: 5-22 /plot 1 m²). Variations in bofedales área and glacial influence weren't correlated with vegetation changes whereas diversity reduced at higher elevation. In reference to our second hypothesis, leaves of Oxychloe andina were shown more resistant to drought stress because of its higher leaf dry mass content (LDMC) than the other cushions, indicating that the bofedales dominated by O. andina may be drier and the communities are dominated by species that also can be found in drier environments. In contrast, communities of Distichia spp. are less tolerant to water déficit. If glacial retreat reduces water availability in the coming decades, the bofedales of O. andina may be more abundant at the expense of Distichia spp. creating challenges for the biodiversity conservation.

Palavras-chave : High Andean peatlands; Distichia muscoides; Glader retreat; Global warming; Oxychloe andina.

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