Abstract

RADA CUENTAS, Jaime. An actual pathogen Acinetobacter. Rev. bol. ped. [online]. 2016, vol.55, n.1, pp.29-48. ISSN 1024-0675.

Acinetobacter (still) is a Gram (-) cocobacillus during the last three decades, emerging to from a microorganism of questionable pathogenicity to an important infectious agent in hospitals around the world, especially in patients in intensive care units (ICU). In almost 100% of the samples of soil and water is achieved cultivating Acinetobacter, it is also isolated from many foods, several of them frozen. In hospitals for their quality to survive in wet or dry inanimate objects is identified in the air, nosocomial equipment and medical material. It also develops Acinetobacter from numerous human sources, including skin, sputum, urine, feces, and vaginal secretions. The transmission of these bacteria in health systems occurs because not routine, proper hand washing and disinfection of furniture medical equipment and hospital surfaces in areas near the patient is performed. Acinetobacter produces 3 to 7% of pneumonias and 1 to 2% nosocomial of bacteremia associated with intravascular catheters, surgical sites infection, urinary tract infections and has the ability to produce suppurative infections in almost any organ system. Like other opportunistic gram-negative infections, multiple resistance mechanisms have made it difficult treating this infectious agent. Therefore, the choice of empirical therapy should be based according to local epidemiology and risk having the patient to acquire a resistant strain. Strategies to prevent antimicrobial resistance, preventing associated with health personnel, optimization of diagnosis, appropriate antimicrobial therapy and caution of cross transmission of pathogens resistant infections stands. By Acinetobacter has the ability to survive for weeks in dry conditions, routine disinfection of medical equipment and surfaces that were touched by health personnel to prevent transmission to susceptible patient it is essential.

Keywords : Acinetobacter; nosocomial infections; bacterial resistance.

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