Abstract

LOZANO, Maribel et al. CUANTIFICACIÓN DE SAPONINAS EN RESIDUOS DE QUINUA REAL CHENOPODIUM QUINOA WILLD. Rev. Bol. Quim [online]. 2012, vol.29, n.2, pp.131-138. ISSN 0250-5460.

This work was performed to quantify the performance of extracts and saponins in residues generated by exporters of quinoa in the departments of La Paz, Oruro and Potosi, determining that the extraction yields range from 36.0 % to 39.4 % w/w, while the percentage of saponins in the extract ranged from 47.3 % to 56.2 % and saponins in the residues from 17.3 % to 22.1 %. Additionally, a method was optimized for extraction of saponins by maceration with alcohol/water mixtures, considering the following parameters: mass/volume ratio of extraction, extraction time and percentage of EtOH/H₂O (v/v), determining that the best m/v ratio is 1/9. The optimum extraction time is 72 h and the better extraction mixture is 50/50 EtOH/H₂O. The percentage of saponins was determined using the methods of Foam, UV spectrophotometry and HPLC chromatography, showing that there are no major differences between the three methods, although the HPLC method is the best with less error and should be used as a control for the other methods which are cheaper. In addition, it is very important to use a standard of saponins from quinoa as reference sample in all the methods.

Keywords : Residues of quinoa; Chenopodium quinoa Willd; quantification of saponins; Foam method; UV spectrophotometry method; HPLC method.

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