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<![CDATA[<b>Esquema completo de vacunación en niños hospitalizados</b>]]>
http://www.scielo.org.bo/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1024-06752008000300002&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es
Objetivo: verificar el esquema completo de vacunación recomendada por el Programa Ampliado de Inmunizaciones (P.A.I.) en niños de uno a 4 anos internados en un hospital pediátrico. Lugar: hospital del Niño "Dr. Ovidio Aliaga Uria". La Paz- Bolivia. Tipo de estudio: observacional. Material y métodos: durante seis meses se revisaron los Carné de Salud de 277 niños de uno a cuatro años de edad, internados en los diferentes servicios del Hospital del Niño y se registraron el cumplimiento de las siguientes vacunas: BCG, pentavalente, polio oral y triple viral Resultados: del total de 277 niños internados e incluidos en el estudio, 155 fueron del sexo femenino y 122 del sexo masculino. 91% recibieron la vacuna BCG; 80% la vacuna pentavalente No 1, 70 % la vacuna pentavalente No 2 y solamente 58% cumplieron con la tercera dosis. En forma similar 80% cumplieron con la vacuna contra la poliomielitis No 1; 71% con la No 2 y 61% con la tercera dosis. La vacuna triple viral fue administrada solamente al 56% de los niños estudiados. Conclusiones: un porcentaje elevado de niños no tiene tiene el esquema completo de vacunacion recomendado por el P.A.I. en Bolivia. Es importante aunar esfuerzos para lograr una cobertura completa en los niños menores de cinco anos.<hr/>Objective: to verify the completion of the vaccination schedule recommended by the National Immunization Program in children 1 to 4 years of age, admitted to a pediatric hospital. Place: hospital del Niño "Dr. Ovidio Aliaga Uria". La Paz- Bolivia. Type of study: observation. Materials and methods: we reviewed during six months the immunizations status of 277 children, 1 to 4 years of age, admitted to a pediatric hospital in order to see whether they had received the following vaccines: BCG, pentavalent, POV and MMR. Results: of the 277 children studied, 155 were girls and 122 males. 91 % received the BCG vaccines; 80% the pentavalent # 1, 70% #2, and 58% # 3. 80% received the POV; 71% the second dose and only 61% the third dose. The MMR vaccines were received by only 56% of the children Conclusions: a high percentage of children have not been properly inoculated as recommended by the National Vaccine Program in Bolivia. It is very important to encourage all parties concerned to achieve a complete scheme of vaccinations.<![CDATA[<b>Autopsia verbal</b>: <b>una herramienta para determinar las causas de mortinatalidad y mortinatalidad en la comunidad</b>]]>
http://www.scielo.org.bo/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1024-06752008000300003&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es
Objetivo: este estudio, realizado en redes de salud urbanas y rurales de Bolivia (El Alto, Potosí y Cochamba), tuvo los siguientes objetivos: conocer las causas biológicas y sociales de mortinatalidad y mortalidad neonatal; identificar la proporción de muertes evitables y analizar el proceso de cada muerte neonatal. Métodos: el estudio fue transversal y descriptivo, con muestreo no probabilístico. Se empleó el cuestionario desarrollado por la OMS el año 2003, con adaptaciones menores y se desarrolló un instrumento de autopsia social. Para la identificación de 'casos' se organizaron redes de informantes comunitarios. La información fue analizada por un panel de expertos y fue introducida en una base de datos. Resultados: se estudiaron 88 mortinatos y 137 neonatos fallecidos durante los primeros 28 días de vida. Las principales causas de muerte fueron: asfixia perinatal (mortinatos) y las infecciones (recién nacidos vivos). Las causas "sociales" fueron la falta de reconocimiento del problema por parte del cuidador y el manejo inapropiado del proveedor de salud. Según los paneles de expertos, la "evitabilidad" de las muertes fue del 85% y 96% para mortinatos y recién nacidos respectivamente. Conclusiones: la autopsia verbal, complementada con la autopsia social, brinda insumos importantes para el análisis local de las muertes neonatales y de los mortinatos, lo cual facilita el desarrollo de intervenciones adecuadas a diferentes contextos. La definición de 'mortalidad evitable' requiere ser mejor desarrollada. Las estrategias para reducir la mortalidad neonatal y perinatal, además de estar basadas en evidencias, deben ser factibles de ser aplicadas y deben responder a las necesidades locales.<hr/>Objectives: this study, in health networks in urban and rural Bolivia (El Alto, Potosí and Cochabamba) had the following objectives: to know the biological and social causes of stillbirths and neonatal mortality, the proportion of preventable deaths and analyze the process of each neonatal death. Methods: the study was cross-sectional and descriptive, non-probability sampling. Used the questionnaire developed by WHO in 2003, with minor adjustments and developed a social autopsy instrument. For the identification of 'cases' were organized networks of community informants. Data were analyzed by a panel of experts and was introduced in a database. Results: we studied 88 stillbirths and 137 infants died during the first 28 days of life. The leading causes of death were: perinatal asphyxia (stillbirths) and infections (alive new born babies). "Social" causes were the lack of recognition of the problem by the caregiver and the inappropriate handling of the health care provider. According to the expert panels, the preventability of deaths was 85% and 96% for stillbirths and newborns respectively. Conclusions: verbal autopsy, complemented by social autopsy, provides important inputs for the local analysis of neonatal deaths and of stillbirths, which facilitates the development of interventions appropriate to different contexts. The definition of 'preventable mortality' needs to be better developed. Strategies to reduce neonatal and perinatal mortality, as well as being based on evidence, must be feasible and should be implemented to respond to local needs.<![CDATA[<b>Biopsia hepática percutánea, experiencia de ocho años en el servicio de gastroenterologia del Hospital de Niño "Dr. Ovidio Aliaga Uria". La Paz</b>]]>
http://www.scielo.org.bo/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1024-06752008000300004&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es
La biopsia hepática es un procedimiento diagnóstico y de apoyo para el tratamiento en patología hepática, la misma, es realizada por vía percutánea, casi en forma rutinaria cuando cumple con todos los requisitos y recomendaciones internacionales en el Servicio de Gastroenterología del Hospital del Niño "Ovidio Aliaga Uria". Es el estándar de oro para el diagnóstico etiológico en casos como colestasis. Durante los últimos ocho años, la realización de este procedimiento ha aumentado. Se presenta una serie de casos, de 1999 a 2007, observándose mayor frecuencia en niños menores de 3 meses. Se obtuvieron resultados con diagnósticos post.biopsia que incluyen: hepatitis idiopática, hepatitis autoimmune, atresia de vía biliar intra y extrahepática, Síndrome de Alagille, Colestasis progresiva familiar idiopática y otros.<hr/>Percutaneus liver biopsy is a diagnostic procedure and treatment support for liver diseases. This procedure is developed as a routine in the Pediatric Gastroenterolgy Unit in the "Hospital del Niño". By now is considered the gold standard for the diagnosis of pediatric cholestasis. In the last eight years the use of this procedure has increased. This paper shows a case series study, from 1999 to 2007 observing more frequency in children under three months old. We obtained results with past biopsy diagnosis that include: idiopatic hepatitis, autoimmune hepatitis, intra-hepatic and extrahepatic biliary atresia, Alagille syndrome, Progressive familial idiopatic cholestasis and other.<![CDATA[<b>Miopatía congenita de núcleos centrales</b>]]>
http://www.scielo.org.bo/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1024-06752008000300005&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es
Las miopatías congénitas son enfermedades hereditarias que generalmente presentan curso benigno. Se caracterizan por su variada presentación fenotípica que dificulta su diagnóstico. Se presenta el caso de un niño de 1 año y 2 meses de edad, que ingresa al hospital con dificultad respiratoria progresiva, hipotonía y evidente retraso del desarrollo psicomotor, cuadro clínico compatible con miopatía de núcleos centrales. El diagnóstico precoz de esta patología es de gran utilidad, para mejorar la calidad de vida del paciente como así también brindar adecuado asesoramiento genético a los padres. El objetivo de esta descripción es dar pautas que faciliten la sospecha diagnóstica.<hr/>Congenital myopathies are inherited diseases, usually with a benign course. They present with different phenotypes that renders the diagnosis more difficult. We present the case of a 1 year and 2 months old child, admitted to hospital with progressive shortness of breath, hypotonia and developmental delay, compatible with central core myopathy. Early detection of this condition is very useful in order to improve the patient's quality of life as well as to provide appropriate genetic counseling to parents. We present guidelines that may help with the diagnosis.<![CDATA[<b>Hemorragia tardía del recién nacido, a propósito de un caso</b>]]>
http://www.scielo.org.bo/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1024-06752008000300006&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es
La hemorragia tardía del recién nacido es una entidad poco conocida, razón por la cual presentamos el caso de un lactante de 2 meses internado en el Centro de Pediatría Albina R. de Patiño, con el diagnóstico de hemorragia tardía del recién nacido. La importancia radica en las complicaciones que lleva este padecimiento y que es una enfermedad prevenible con la administración de 1 mg de vitamina K intramuscular al recién nacido.<hr/>The Late Hemorrhage of the newborn is a little known entity, which is why we present the case of an infant of 2 months admitted at the Pediatric Center Albina R Patino, with the late diagnostic of Late Hemorrhage of the newborn. The importance lies in the complications that this entity brings and is a disease that is preventable with the administration of 1 mg of vitamin K intramuscular in the newborn.<![CDATA[<b>Síndrome de Williams Beuren; reporte de un caso</b>]]>
http://www.scielo.org.bo/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1024-06752008000300007&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es
Se presenta el caso clínico de un niño de 1 año y 5 meses de edad, que fue atendido en el Hospital Materno Infantil de la ciudad de Trinidad y que por las características clínicas se concluye que se trata de un síndrome de Williams Beuren. Se aprovecha el caso para hacer una revisión del tema.<hr/>We present a case of a child of 1 year and 5 months of age,who was treated at the Hospital "Materno Infantil" of the city of Trinidad and because of the clinical features it is concluded that this is a Williams Beuren syndrome. We take advantage of the case to make a review of the topic.<![CDATA[<b>Diagnóstico de protozoarios intestinales frecuentes en niños</b>]]>
http://www.scielo.org.bo/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1024-06752008000300008&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es
Se presenta el caso clínico de un niño de 1 año y 5 meses de edad, que fue atendido en el Hospital Materno Infantil de la ciudad de Trinidad y que por las características clínicas se concluye que se trata de un síndrome de Williams Beuren. Se aprovecha el caso para hacer una revisión del tema.<hr/>We present a case of a child of 1 year and 5 months of age,who was treated at the Hospital "Materno Infantil" of the city of Trinidad and because of the clinical features it is concluded that this is a Williams Beuren syndrome. We take advantage of the case to make a review of the topic.<![CDATA[<b>Fractura de cráneo con hundimiento</b>]]>
http://www.scielo.org.bo/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1024-06752008000300009&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es
Se presenta el caso clínico de un niño de 1 año y 5 meses de edad, que fue atendido en el Hospital Materno Infantil de la ciudad de Trinidad y que por las características clínicas se concluye que se trata de un síndrome de Williams Beuren. Se aprovecha el caso para hacer una revisión del tema.<hr/>We present a case of a child of 1 year and 5 months of age,who was treated at the Hospital "Materno Infantil" of the city of Trinidad and because of the clinical features it is concluded that this is a Williams Beuren syndrome. We take advantage of the case to make a review of the topic.<![CDATA[<b>Variación del peso durante el primer vida en recién nacidos de término con lactancia materna exclusiva</b>]]>
http://www.scielo.org.bo/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1024-06752008000300010&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es
La variación del peso en recién nacidos sanos resulta de interés clínico, principalmente en aquellos niños con lactancia materna exclusiva. Objetivos. Determinar el cambio relativo del peso al nacer durante el primer mes, en recién nacidos de término sanos, alimentados exclusivamente con pecho. Diseño. Observacional; tipo cohorte. Prospectivo. Población, material y métodos. Recién nacidos asistidos entre septiembre de 2000 y noviembre de 2001. Criterios de elegibilidad: recién nacidos de término sanos (> 37 semanas de gestación). No elegibles: gemelares o con internación en la primera semana de vida (exceptuando ictericia y deshidratación hipertónica). Criterios de inclusión: pecho exclusivo al mes de vida; mínimo 4 controles de peso. Criterios de eliminación: niños que completaron los controles pero en días diferentes a los preestablecidos. Resultados. Recién nacidos: 1.669; fueron elegibles al momento del nacimiento: 1.479; cumplieron los criterios de inclusión: 810. El descenso máximo de peso se registró al 3er día (promedio -8%), la media de recuperación del peso de nacimiento fue al 8o día y el promedio de incremento al mes fue de +30%. Al considerar la edad gestacional (<39- 39 y > 39 semanas) y el peso al nacimiento (<3.000; 3.000-3.500; >3.500g), no se hallaron diferencias significativas; no obstante, los más pequeños al nacer presentaron una mayor variación del peso al mes. Las dificultades en la alimentación se asociaron con mayor internación por ictericia y deshidratación, junto a una recuperación más tardía del peso de nacimiento (13er día). Los nacidos por parto vaginal presentaron un incremento de peso superior. Conclusiones. El conocimiento de los cambios relativos del peso al nacimiento permitió graficar sus variaciones y evaluar las diferencias existentes entre grupos con distintas características perinatales. Esta información podría ser de utilidad para ratificar conductas, principalmente en el fomento y difusión de la lactancia materna exclusiva en poblaciones similares a la de la presente investigación.<hr/>Weight variation in healthy newborns follow-up is an important clinical sign and a matter of concern for both pediatricians and families, especially in breastfed babies. Objectives. To assess relative weight change (increase or decrease) in healthy breastfed babies during their first month of age. Design. Observational, cohort, prospective. Population, material and methods. Newborn cohort assisted between September 2000 and September 2001. Eligible: Term newborns (> 37 weeks of gestational age) assisted in rooming-in. Noneligible: Twins and NICU assistance (jaundice and hypertonic dehydration in the first week were excepted). Inclusion criteria: At least, four weight controls. Exclusively breastfed at the end of the first month. Newborns whose controls were performed in days other than the established ones were excluded from the study. After delivery, all mothers received a brochure informing them about the study characteristics. Results. Newborns: 1,669. Eligible at birth: 1,479. Met inclusion criteria: 8l0. The weight variation during the first month showed: Maximum decrease took place on the third day: -8%. Birth weight recovery on 8th day. Average increase in the first month: +30% of birth weight. There were no differences when gestational age (<39 - 39 and >39 weeks) and birth weight (<3,000; 3,0003,500; >3,500g) were considered; however, the smaller they were at birth, the better weight increase at the end of the first month. Initial difficulties for breastfeeding were associated to longer weight recovery (13th day) as well as with higher hospitalization rates due to jaundice and dehydration. Spontaneous deliveries were associated to better weight increase. We didn't find any difference in gender. Conclusions. Identifying weight variation in healthy newborns proved to be useful for the development of weight curves and assess their changes in relation to different neonatal characteristics. This information could be used to support and promote breastfeeding policies.<![CDATA[<b>Conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas acerca del VIH/SIDA en jóvenes de nivel medio de educación, del área metropolitana, Paraguay</b>]]>
http://www.scielo.org.bo/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1024-06752008000300011&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es
Introducción: La generación actual de jóvenes es la mayor de la historia, casi la mitad de la población mundial tiene menos de 25 años. No han conocido un mundo sin SIDA. Los pocos países que han logrado disminuir su prevalencia nacional de VIH lo han hecho sobre todo inculcando comportamientos más seguros entre los jóvenes. Objetivos: Indagar los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas sobre VIH/SIDA en jóvenes estudiantes de la educación media en colegios públicos y privados de Asunción y Lambaré, Paraguay. Material y Métodos: Investigación de diseño observacional, analítico, prospectivo de corte transversal. Se aplicó una encuesta voluntaria, auto administrada, a estudiantes de 1°, 2° y 3° de la media de colegios de la capital y Lambaré, durante el mes de agosto de 2006. Resultados: 336 encuestas analizadas, Edad media 16 años, 52% masculinos, 48% femeninos. La fuente de información citada con más frecuencia y la más importante fue la escuela. 42,4% refieren relaciones sexuales, varones: 56,5% y las mujeres en 27%. La edad media de iniciación sexual de 14,6 años, 72% de los varones se iniciaron sexualmente antes de los 15 años. 55% refiere utilizar preservativo en relaciones ocasionales. 71.3% sabía donde recurrir en situaciones de riesgo. 14 se realizaron el test para VIH, 10 de los cuales habían referido relaciones sexuales. Nivel de conocimientos en general bajo e inconsistente. Conclusión: Los resultados revelan jóvenes en situación de riesgo de contraer VIH/SIDA.<hr/>Introduction: The current generation of youths is the largest in history; almost half of the world's population are less than 25 years of age. They have never known a world with out AIDS. The few countries that have achieved a reduction in the prevalence of HIV have done so above all by inducing young people to practice safe behavior. Objectives: Determine the HIV/AIDS related knowledge, attitudes, and practices of high-school aged students in public and private secondary schools of the cities of Asuncion and Lambare, Paraguay. Material and Methods: The study is prospective, analytical, cross-sectional, and observational. A self-administered voluntary survey was given to students of the 1st-, 2d-, and 3d-year students (corresponding to grades 10, 11, and 12) of the mean of the high schools in Asuncion and Lambare during the month of August, 2006. Results: A total of 336 surveys were analyzed; the mean age of respondents was 16 years-of-age, and 48 percent were female. The source of information cited most often by respondents, and the one they rated most important, was their school. Of the respondents, 42% reported having sexual relations, including 56.5% of the males and 27% of the females. The mean age of first intercourse was 14.6 years, with 72% of the males reporting that they first experienced intercourse before 15 years of age. Overall, 55% reported using prophylactics during casual sex, and 71.3% knew what to do in risk situations. Fourteen had had a test for HIV, 10 of whom had also reported having sexual relations. The level of knowledge was generally low and inconsistent. Conclusion: The results show that young people are at risk if contracting HIV/AIDS.<![CDATA[<b>Effectiveness of dual and triple antiretroviral therapy in the treatment of HIV-infected children</b>]]>
http://www.scielo.org.bo/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1024-06752008000300012&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es
Objetivos: Como iniciar a terapia anti-retroviral é uma questao amplamente discutida no manejo de criangas infectadas pelo HIV. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a efetividade da terapia dupla e tríplice em uma coorte de criangas infectadas pelo HIV. Método: Este estudo foi realizado em um servigo de referencia para assisténcia á crianga infectada da Facul-dade de Medicina da UFMG. Foram incluídas criangas que iniciaram o primeiro regime anti-retroviral entre janeiro de 1998 e dezembro de 2000, com seguimento até dezembro de 2001. O evento final para análise foi a pri-meira falha terapéutica ou óbito. Resultados: Foram analisados 101 pacientes, sendo 58 (57,4%) e 43 (42,6%) com terapia dupla e tríplice, respectivamente. Nao houve diferenga entre os grupos quanto ao sexo, idade, contagem de linfócitos CD4+ e carga viral basal. A média de duragao da terapia dupla foi de 26,3 meses (IC95% 21,3-31,3) e da terapia tríplice, de 34,3 meses (IC95% 29,2-39,5%). Falha terapéutica ocorreu em 33 (56,9%) pacientes em terapia dupla e 11 (25,6%) em terapia tríplice (log rank 5,03; p = 0,025). O risco relativo de falha para terapia dupla foi 2,2 vezes maior (IC = 1,3-3,9). O percentual de linfócitos T CD4+ inicial foi preditor de risco para falha terapéutica (p = 0,001). Pacientes em terapia tríplice apresentaram maior redugao da carga viral (p = 0,001). Conclusáo: A terapia tríplice permaneceu eficaz por mais tempo e apresentou melhor resposta virológica do que a terapia dupla nesta coorte de criangas infectadas pelo HIV, justificando a sua escolha como regime preferencial de tratamento.<hr/>Objective: The use of antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected children has been a widely discussed issue. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of dual nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) regimens and three-drug regimens [2NRTI+ non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) or protease inhibitor (PI)] in a cohort of HIV-infected children. Methods: The study was carried out in a referral center for the management of infected children, which is affiliated with the School of Medicine of Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG). Those children whose antiretroviral therapy was implemented between January 1998 and December 2000 and who were followed until December 2001 were included in the study. Therapeutic failure or death was regarded as the endpoint in our analysis. Results: A total of 101 patients were assessed, 58 (57.4%) on dual therapy and 43 (42.6%) on triple therapy. No statistically significant difference was observed between the groups in terms of gender, age, CD4+ count and baseline viral load. The average duration of dual therapy was 26.3 months (95%CI 21.3-31.3) and that of triple therapy was 34.3 months (95%CI 29.2-39.5%). There was therapeutic failure in 33 (56.9%) patients on dual therapy and in 11 (25.6%) patients on triple therapy (log rank = 5.03; p = 0.025). The relative risk of therapeutic failure of the dual therapy was 2.2 times higher (95%CI 1.3-3.9). The percentage of initial CD4+ T cells was a predictor of risk for therapeutic failure (p = 0.001). Patients on triple therapy showed a more remarkable reduction in their viral load (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Triple therapy was efficient for a longer time period and showed better virologic response than dual therapy in this cohort of HIV-infected children. Therefore, triple therapy should be the treatment of choice.<![CDATA[<b>Manejo del recién nacido gravemente enfermo</b>]]>
http://www.scielo.org.bo/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1024-06752008000300013&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es
Objetivos: Como iniciar a terapia anti-retroviral é uma questao amplamente discutida no manejo de criangas infectadas pelo HIV. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a efetividade da terapia dupla e tríplice em uma coorte de criangas infectadas pelo HIV. Método: Este estudo foi realizado em um servigo de referencia para assisténcia á crianga infectada da Facul-dade de Medicina da UFMG. Foram incluídas criangas que iniciaram o primeiro regime anti-retroviral entre janeiro de 1998 e dezembro de 2000, com seguimento até dezembro de 2001. O evento final para análise foi a pri-meira falha terapéutica ou óbito. Resultados: Foram analisados 101 pacientes, sendo 58 (57,4%) e 43 (42,6%) com terapia dupla e tríplice, respectivamente. Nao houve diferenga entre os grupos quanto ao sexo, idade, contagem de linfócitos CD4+ e carga viral basal. A média de duragao da terapia dupla foi de 26,3 meses (IC95% 21,3-31,3) e da terapia tríplice, de 34,3 meses (IC95% 29,2-39,5%). Falha terapéutica ocorreu em 33 (56,9%) pacientes em terapia dupla e 11 (25,6%) em terapia tríplice (log rank 5,03; p = 0,025). O risco relativo de falha para terapia dupla foi 2,2 vezes maior (IC = 1,3-3,9). O percentual de linfócitos T CD4+ inicial foi preditor de risco para falha terapéutica (p = 0,001). Pacientes em terapia tríplice apresentaram maior redugao da carga viral (p = 0,001). Conclusáo: A terapia tríplice permaneceu eficaz por mais tempo e apresentou melhor resposta virológica do que a terapia dupla nesta coorte de criangas infectadas pelo HIV, justificando a sua escolha como regime preferencial de tratamento.<hr/>Objective: The use of antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected children has been a widely discussed issue. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of dual nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) regimens and three-drug regimens [2NRTI+ non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) or protease inhibitor (PI)] in a cohort of HIV-infected children. Methods: The study was carried out in a referral center for the management of infected children, which is affiliated with the School of Medicine of Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG). Those children whose antiretroviral therapy was implemented between January 1998 and December 2000 and who were followed until December 2001 were included in the study. Therapeutic failure or death was regarded as the endpoint in our analysis. Results: A total of 101 patients were assessed, 58 (57.4%) on dual therapy and 43 (42.6%) on triple therapy. No statistically significant difference was observed between the groups in terms of gender, age, CD4+ count and baseline viral load. The average duration of dual therapy was 26.3 months (95%CI 21.3-31.3) and that of triple therapy was 34.3 months (95%CI 29.2-39.5%). There was therapeutic failure in 33 (56.9%) patients on dual therapy and in 11 (25.6%) patients on triple therapy (log rank = 5.03; p = 0.025). The relative risk of therapeutic failure of the dual therapy was 2.2 times higher (95%CI 1.3-3.9). The percentage of initial CD4+ T cells was a predictor of risk for therapeutic failure (p = 0.001). Patients on triple therapy showed a more remarkable reduction in their viral load (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Triple therapy was efficient for a longer time period and showed better virologic response than dual therapy in this cohort of HIV-infected children. Therefore, triple therapy should be the treatment of choice.<![CDATA[<b>CUESTIONARIO NUMERO 34</b> <b>PREGUNTAS CORRESPONDIENTES AL TEMA</b>: <b>MANEJO DEL RECIEN NACIDO GRAVEMENTE ENFERMO</b>]]>
http://www.scielo.org.bo/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1024-06752008000300014&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es
Objetivos: Como iniciar a terapia anti-retroviral é uma questao amplamente discutida no manejo de criangas infectadas pelo HIV. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a efetividade da terapia dupla e tríplice em uma coorte de criangas infectadas pelo HIV. Método: Este estudo foi realizado em um servigo de referencia para assisténcia á crianga infectada da Facul-dade de Medicina da UFMG. Foram incluídas criangas que iniciaram o primeiro regime anti-retroviral entre janeiro de 1998 e dezembro de 2000, com seguimento até dezembro de 2001. O evento final para análise foi a pri-meira falha terapéutica ou óbito. Resultados: Foram analisados 101 pacientes, sendo 58 (57,4%) e 43 (42,6%) com terapia dupla e tríplice, respectivamente. Nao houve diferenga entre os grupos quanto ao sexo, idade, contagem de linfócitos CD4+ e carga viral basal. A média de duragao da terapia dupla foi de 26,3 meses (IC95% 21,3-31,3) e da terapia tríplice, de 34,3 meses (IC95% 29,2-39,5%). Falha terapéutica ocorreu em 33 (56,9%) pacientes em terapia dupla e 11 (25,6%) em terapia tríplice (log rank 5,03; p = 0,025). O risco relativo de falha para terapia dupla foi 2,2 vezes maior (IC = 1,3-3,9). O percentual de linfócitos T CD4+ inicial foi preditor de risco para falha terapéutica (p = 0,001). Pacientes em terapia tríplice apresentaram maior redugao da carga viral (p = 0,001). Conclusáo: A terapia tríplice permaneceu eficaz por mais tempo e apresentou melhor resposta virológica do que a terapia dupla nesta coorte de criangas infectadas pelo HIV, justificando a sua escolha como regime preferencial de tratamento.<hr/>Objective: The use of antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected children has been a widely discussed issue. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of dual nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) regimens and three-drug regimens [2NRTI+ non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) or protease inhibitor (PI)] in a cohort of HIV-infected children. Methods: The study was carried out in a referral center for the management of infected children, which is affiliated with the School of Medicine of Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG). Those children whose antiretroviral therapy was implemented between January 1998 and December 2000 and who were followed until December 2001 were included in the study. Therapeutic failure or death was regarded as the endpoint in our analysis. Results: A total of 101 patients were assessed, 58 (57.4%) on dual therapy and 43 (42.6%) on triple therapy. No statistically significant difference was observed between the groups in terms of gender, age, CD4+ count and baseline viral load. The average duration of dual therapy was 26.3 months (95%CI 21.3-31.3) and that of triple therapy was 34.3 months (95%CI 29.2-39.5%). There was therapeutic failure in 33 (56.9%) patients on dual therapy and in 11 (25.6%) patients on triple therapy (log rank = 5.03; p = 0.025). The relative risk of therapeutic failure of the dual therapy was 2.2 times higher (95%CI 1.3-3.9). The percentage of initial CD4+ T cells was a predictor of risk for therapeutic failure (p = 0.001). Patients on triple therapy showed a more remarkable reduction in their viral load (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Triple therapy was efficient for a longer time period and showed better virologic response than dual therapy in this cohort of HIV-infected children. Therefore, triple therapy should be the treatment of choice.